Toilets: specifications, types

General product type.

In addition to the more or less common tank-less toilet bowls and toilet compacts in, we have more specific varieties on the market today - combo nitase, as well as specialized models for children. Here is a more detailed description of each variety:

— Toilet. By «ordinary» toilet bowl in this case, refer to products in the form of a bowl, without its own tank (or other flushing system). The tank, however, can be supplied in a set (see more. «Complete»), but this option is very rare, and even in such cases, the water tank is carried out separately from the bowl. This is the key difference between such products and toilet compacts. In general, traditional toilets are relatively difficult to install, but this is offset by a number of advantages. First, the flushing system in most cases can be chosen at your discretion. Secondly, the tank and pipes can be hidden in the wall, giving the bathroom as neat as possible appearance. Third, it is possible to choose the location of the tank, which is also important. And the way to install the toilet itself (see. «Installation») can be almost any.

— Toilet-compact. Products that combine a bowl of the toilet and a toilet bowl mounted directly on this bowl. This option is very convenient for a floor installation (cf. «Install...ation»): no need to prepare a place for hanging the tank, it is enough to fix the bowl itself and connect the product to the water supply and sewerage. And the availability of a tank in the delivery kit for many users is an important advantage. True, comps are usually sold «as is», without the possibility to replace the tank; however, finding a suitable model usually does not pose a problem, and this moment is not critical. And some models can be sold in different kits, including without a tank. The main disadvantages of this option include that the tank and toilet bowl are a single design, for which you need the appropriate amount of space. Also, the specificity of such products is that the overwhelming number of them is installed on the floor - for a number of reasons, wall mounting among compact is almost not found.

— Pulse toilet. Toilets using the so-called Tank Flush System (and usually supplied with such a system). The drain mechanism (also called «drukspuhler») is connected directly to the water supply; in the simplest models it is manually operated, but many pulsed toilet bowls nowadays are equipped with battery-powered electronic systems. In any case, the advantages of this design are both compactness and economy: the drain is usually organized so that a small amount of water can remove pollution as efficiently as possible.

— Baby toilet. Toilets specially designed for young children are primarily small in size and length/width - otherwise the child would simply be uncomfortable. In addition, such products often have the appropriate design - with bright drawings, unusual shape, etc. Toilet bowls of this type can be useful in pre-school and junior schools, children’s entertainment institutions, large families, etc. The.

— Combo toilet. Rather unusual design: a combination of the toilet and the washbasin, mounted in the top of the tank. One of the key advantages of this combination is the savings of water: the water used in hand washing or washing does not go directly to the sewer, but filtered, poured into the tank and then used to wash. This can reduce water consumption by a quarter or more. In addition, combo nitase is a real rescue for cramped rooms, where it is not possible to install a separate washbasin. On the other hand, such products are quite complex and expensive, and the real need to combine the toilet with the washbasin is not so often. That’s why there are not many combinations available nowadays.

The normal method of installation, which is designed toilet.

— Floor. The way in which the toilet is placed on the floor. This installation is much easier to mount on the wall: the installation work is limited to securing the toilet at the installation site (for example, by means of anchor bolts). However, such models take place on the floor, which can sometimes be a disadvantage in terms of both the design of the bathroom and purely practical side. So, under the bowl of the outdoor toilet bowl there is no free space (unlike suspended models), which can be critical in cramped conditions. But behind the base of such a bowl is often free space, and the small size of this space and its inaccessibility make it difficult to clean. Therefore, floor mounting in our time is characteristic mainly for toilet-compact (cf. «Type»), for which it is the best option; classic toilets with such a system are also common, but still not so widespread.

— Hanging. Mounting, in which the bowl is attached to the wall (more precisely - to the built-in wall installation), so that under it there is free space. The most common version was among the toilet bowls of traditional design (see. «Type»). However, for the installation of such a product usually have to be built into the wall special frame (installation); so that the installation itself wall models are more difficult and more expensive than floor. On the other...hand, the drain tank at this location is usually attached to the installation and after installation is hidden behind the decorative partition - in the end, there is only a bowl and a drain button outside. This arrangement gives the bathroom a neat appearance, in addition, the toilet takes up a minimum of space, and the space under it remains available, in particular for cleaning. These moments are especially convenient in public toilets - in restaurants, cinemas, etc. Another advantage can be called the ability to choose the height of the bowl at your discretion.

Toilets of special design, in which the bowl has no rim.

The back of the rim is one of the worst places in the entire toilet facility: contamination and micro-organisms accumulate easily and at the same time it is difficult to get there during cleaning. In light of this, some manufacturers produce toilets without rims - this reduces the number of hard to reach places, makes the product more hygienic in general and facilitates its cleaning.

Toilets designed to accommodate in the corner of the room (so the person will sit on such a toilet with his back to the corner). Note that such placement is theoretically possible for most floor products (cf. «Installation»). However, there are models of toilet bowls, specially designed for corner installation and having a special shape of the back - for these models and this feature is specified.

Accommodation in the corner may be the best option in some situations - first of all in cramped conditions, where there are relatively few places under the toilet. On the other hand, such situations occur relatively infrequently, so that «corner» products have not been distributed.

In toilet bowls for people with disabilities various design solutions are used, which markedly «make life easier» for users with health problems and, as a result, difficulties in solving household tasks.

One of the characteristic features in most of these models is increased height: it reduces the load on the joints, sit on such a toilet and get up from it is much easier than in the case of ordinary. But the set of other specific functions may be different, it is worth specifying separately. For example, some products are fitted with a cutout at the front, which facilitates hygiene procedures after the toilet. Others have their own handrails or the ability to install them (it is worth considering that this design puts increased demands on the reliability of the attachment of the cup itself). As a rule, special attention is paid to the flush button: it can have a non-standard location, increased dimensions, carried out in the form of a pedal or contactless sensor, etc.

In conclusion, there is no universal toilet that is ideal for all users with disabilities. Such plumbing is quite varied, it can be designed for different health and physique, so that the choice of such a toilet is a very specific task that requires a careful individual approach.

The design of the outlet pipe of the toilet bowl. It determines, in particular, the features of its installation. To date, there are such options:

— Horizontal. In such toilets, the outlet pipe is located at the back of the bowl and is oriented horizontally backwards. This is one of the most common types in Europe and the post-Soviet space - it is due to the fact that sewer pipes in these countries are drawn along the floors, and the pipe in the bathroom is usually located under the wall, behind the toilet.

— Oblique. In fact - a kind of horizontal release (see above), in which the outlet pipe is not strictly horizontal, but at an angle (usually 30° or 45°). It will be useful in the case that the sewer pipe is low, near the floor.

— Vertical. As the name suggests, in these toilets the output is directed vertically down. They are mainly used in the United States and other American countries, where in the construction of communications, e.g. sewerage, conducted under the floor (ceiling) without taking into account the partitions - as a result, the toilet can be placed directly above the pipe. This layout is also found in the post-Soviet space, in particular in office and production premises, as well as in residential buildings on individual projects.

— Universal. The universal release design allows it...to be connected to one of the three above options, depending on the specific need. Most often, the output of such toilets is hidden inside, and its own nozzle is absent; for connection selected separate pipe of the desired shape, it can go vertically, horizontally or at an angle.

It should be noted that it is theoretically possible to install a toilet with horizontal release in the bathroom under the vertical, and vice versa - but in practice, this is very difficult and actually requires the reconstruction of the toilet. And therefore, before choosing a toilet, you must clarify the design of sewer pipes in your bathroom and the most suitable type of outlet.

— Funnel. The bowl of such a toilet bowl is a funnel with approximately the same tilt angle on all sides and a siphon hole in the middle. The advantages of this design are a minimum of unpleasant odors, economy and the fact that the use of the brush is extremely rare: solid waste is almost immediately hidden under the water in the openings of the siphon, not hanging outside and does not require significant water flushing. The main disadvantage of the funnel is spray; however, many manufacturers use design solutions to minimize this inconvenience.

— Visor. This construction is similar to the funnel (see above), but the slope of the bowl walls is uneven - the back wall may have a greater slope than the front, or vice versa. The main advantage of visor toilets is the absence of spray in combination with economy and minimum unpleasant odors. At the same time, solid waste can be trapped on the bowl wall, which will require slightly more water consumption and more frequent use of the brush than the funnels.

— Dish. The bowl of this type is equipped with a shelf, usually located behind the opening of the siphon. This ensures that there is no splash; moreover, unlike all other types, the waste does not fall into the siphon until it is washed off, but is on the shelf - this makes it possible to determine their condition, which is important for medical purposes. A...t the same time, dish bowls are characterized by strong odors, and solid waste can stay there, which requires frequent use of brush and increases water consumption. In addition, a certain amount of water is constantly on the shelf, which may lead to the appearance of aesthetic divorces. As a result, this design is considered outdated and rare.

The overall shape of the toilet bowl.

The choice of this parameter largely depends on the aesthetic preferences of the user and the overall design of the bathroom; however, the shape of the bowl is quite practical. So, in our time, the most common is semicircular models, where the rear edge of the bowl is made straight, and the rest - rounded (oval, egg-like, etc.). This shape not only looks good - it is convenient to sit on, and the absence of angles (at least in front of the bowl) facilitates cleaning and reduces the risk of hitting the toilet with your foot. In addition, material on such a bowl requires less than a rectangular product of similar dimensions - as a result, semi-circular toilet bowls are relatively inexpensive and light.

The rectangular shape, in turn, gives a larger support area, which is important for users of large physique. However, toilet bowls classical rectangular shape are rare (due to the high cost of production, as well as for some other reasons). Much more common are variations on this topic - the bowls , with bevelled (rounded) corners, as well as , with the front end shaped arc.

The working volume of the flush tank installed on the toilet-compact (cf. «Type») or supplied with a classical model; in other words - the amount of water contained in the tank.

The current standard volume value is 6 litres; it is believed that this capacity provides an optimal balance between water consumption, drain efficiency and compact design. However, there are also toilet bowls with a reduced tank - less than 6 l (usually 4 - 5 l). This feature saves water and reduces the size of the tank; and to ensure the efficiency of the flush, various additional devices can be provided in the design. As a result, such toilets may cost more than full-size tanks; however, if the water in the bathroom comes from meters, the difference in price quickly pays off.

It should be noted that, in addition to the reduced tank, such features as a half drain (cf. «Functions and Capabilities») and a safe design (cf. above) contribute to the savings.

Location of the pipe for supplying water to the toilet bowl. Modern toilets contain lateral, rear and bottom water supply. In the first two types of pipes are located at the top of the tank, and the choice between side and rear supply in practice depends mainly on the location of pipes in the head and, accordingly, the convenience of connection. The bottom line is considered the most modern option: it provides a minimum level of noise when filling the tank, in addition to being easy to conceal, thus ensuring aesthetics.

Some models in our catalogue have combined signs of supply -«side/ bottom» or «side/ rear». This can mean both a versatile device, with the ability to select the type of connection, and a model produced in several variations different type of supply.

Among the basic functions of the toilet, one can single out circular flush of water in the bowl, half flush, antibacterial coating, anti- splash, micro-lift of the seat. More about them:

— Vortex flush (in the bowl). In toilets with a vortex flush, water flows from holes under the rim and sequentially washes the entire bowl through the formation of a characteristic water vortex. Jets of water can be directed from the outlets straight or at a slight angle: the first option is called swirling, the second – shower. The advantages of a vortex flush are low water consumption, high-quality cleaning of the toilet, absence of splashes and minimal noise levels. However, sanitary equipment with such a flush system are often more expensive than traditional solutions.

- Half drain. The ability to drain from the tank not all the water, but only a part, usually half (hence the name). It is due to the fact that a complete drain is not always required - for example, half a tank is enough to flush urine even in toilet bowls with a plate bowl (see "Bowl Shape"). This function will be useful primarily for those for whom water saving is critical (for example, if meters are installed in the apartment).

- Anti-splash. The anti-splash system prevents water splashing on the sides when the water is drained...from the tank. Anti-splash toilets have a special bowl design. In them, the bowl is inclined, the water flowing down the inclined plane from the tank immediately goes into the sewer drain. The "anti-splash" function allows you to increase the level of hygiene and sanitation in the restroom. Toilets with an anti-drain system also have disadvantages. The main disadvantage of such models is the increased water consumption.

— Seat microlift. A device that prevents the toilet seat from hitting the rim of the bowl. It works similar to door closers: the movement of the seat is slowed down, slowing down as much as possible when approaching the rim, which ensures soft contact, prevents unpleasant popping and protects the seat and rim from damage and wear. In addition, the microlift provides additional convenience - you just need to push the seat, and it will lower itself.

Built into the toilet, allowing it to be used as a bidet - a hygienic bath for washing the external genitals and anus after using the toilet. Toilet bowls with similar functionality are by definition equipped with hygienic shower (with one or >multiple operation modes); in addition, they may also include Water heating and/or self-cleaning nozzle. Here is a detailed description of these features:

— Hygienic shower. This function is the whole essence of the bidet: a hygienic shower is a device with which you can wash the perineum after using the toilet. Theoretically, such a shower can have a different design, but in the toilet bowls most often there is the most simple and compact version - a small tube built directly into the rim of the bowl in such a position that the stream of water from it gets «clearly on purpose». Another option is a cover and a seat, supplemented by its own hygienic shower; a similar cover in many models can even be removed and moved to another bowl, if necessary.
Also in the characteristics often specify the number of hygienic shower modes. Most often this mode is one - this is enough for most cases. However, there are exceptions - for example, the design may provide «male» and «female» modes (taking into account anatomical differences between the sexes)the function of massage and so on. N. In some models, t...he number of modes reaches 7. In any case, if the formats of work are more than one - their particular set will not hurt to clarify separately; and the increase in the number of modes inevitably affects the cost.

— Water heating. Built-in heater for water supplied to hygienic shower. By default, such a shower uses ordinary cold water, and this is not always and not for everyone comfortable. Heating the water helps to remedy the situation; however, it should be borne in mind that this function has a significant impact on the price of the toilet, and the heater requires connection to the electrical network.

— Self-cleaning. The automatic cleaning function typically uses both flush and hygienic shower (therefore self-cleaning and refer to the functions of bidet); but other features of such systems can be different, depending on the model. Thus, in some toilets this mode is switched on periodically after a certain time or a certain number of flushes, in others - after each flush, in the third used pollution sensor, determining the need for cleaning, etc. Anyway, This function significantly increases hygiene and makes cleanliness easier to maintain. For example, regular self-cleaning significantly reduces the likelihood that the genitals will become contaminated during the use of the shower or harmful microbes; and manual cleaning of the toilet becomes easier and less frequent.

Additional functions of the toilet bowl, realized due to electronic «filling» and other special equipment. These features do not affect the basic functionality of the product, but they can significantly improve comfort or even safety when used. Among the most popular smart features in our time arepresence sensor, automatic drain, air drying, auto-lift (lowering) seat, , heater/list, Smartphone management, Child protection and Backlight. Elaborate on each one:

— Presence sensor. Sensor, responding to the appearance of a person near the toilet. This sensor is mainly used to automatically control other functions. For example, in some toilets the presence sensor provides automatic lifting of the lid when a person approaches and lowering - when removed; in others it includes seat heating, controls the flush, etc. The specific features of the sensor work should be specified separately. However, in any case, this feature provides not only additional convenience, but also hygiene: the user does not need to touch hands buttons and other controls. Such functionality may also be useful if the toilet is used by a person with disabilities, who for one reason or another is difficult t...o use more traditional management.

— Automatic drain. A feature that eliminates the need to flush the water manually. Typically based on the presence sensor described above: a drain is usually turned on after the sensor stops detecting the presence of a person on or near the toilet. Such a possibility gives several advantages over a more traditional design, with manual drainage of water. First, it increases hygiene: do not need to touch hands, buttons and other elements of the toilet. This is especially useful in public toilets (in offices, cafes/restaurants, railway stations, etc.), but it will not be superfluous at home. Secondly, with such toilet bowl in principle impossible situation «forgot to flush». Third, auto-dumping can be a lifesaver for users who, for some reason (old age, disability, health problems) find it difficult to use traditional systems. The notable drawbacks of this feature can be attributed to only a rather high cost.

— Pre-drain. The essence of this function is that before each use a thin layer of water is sprayed on the inside surface of the toilet bowl. This has two advantages. Firstly, by opening the lid, the user sees a clean, neat surface and does not feel any foreign odors that could remain after past use. Secondly, when using the toilet, solid waste is practically not stuck to the wet surface, and the main drain is obtained as efficiently as possible. Usually, the pre-discharge is activated automatically by signal from the presence sensor or by lifting the lid.

— Odour removal. Odor removal device built directly into the toilet. The specific implementation of this function may vary. For example, some models use a device like a removable toilet freshener - a container filled with a special composition. When drained, the water passes through this container, and the substances contained therein neutralize excess odors and create a pleasant aroma. In more advanced toilets, a mini-hood-like system can be installed - with a fan and integrated filter (such as carbon) that purifies air at the molecular level.

— Air drying. Function supplementing hygienic shower (cf. «Bidet functions»). After use, the shower is switched on (manually or automatically) a warm air flow that effectively dries the skin. This eliminates the need to remove excess moisture with toilet paper or napkins.

— Seat auto up/down. A mechanism that eliminates the need for the user to lift and lower the seat (and most often the cover) manually. Methods of control of such mechanism can be different: in some models it is activated manually (by pressing a button, approaching the hand or foot to the contactless sensor, from the remote control, etc. 1), in others - it is triggered automatically by commands from the presence sensor. However, in any case, this function has two main advantages. First, it promotes hygiene - the user does not need to touch the seat and cover with his hands. Secondly, lifting and lowering occur very smoothly, without bumps and excessive noise (which is not always avoided when using traditional seats/covers).

— Seat heating. Heating system that increases the temperature of the seat to comfortable. This feature will be especially appreciated by users who tend to freeze even at room temperature. Also, it will definitely be more useful in two cases. The first - if the seat material itself is not very comfortable and even in a warm room can be perceived as cold. The second - if the air temperature in the bathroom can drop: for example, the room has a window that opens periodically for ventilation even in the cold season. Electric heaters operated by the network are usually used to heat the seats. — Display. Own display mounted directly on the toilet bowl - usually on the lid or in the back, behind the lid. It is usually the simplest single-color LCD screen capable of displaying numbers and a limited number of characters. However, given the specificity of the application, more is usually not required. The display usually displays such data as the temperature of the seat or water in the hygienic shower, the chosen mode of operation of this shower, and so on. n.

— Remote control. Separate remote control that allows you to control the functions of the toilet (drain, lift/lowering the seat, hygienic shower, etc.). Unlike more traditional remote controls, a control device for a toilet bowl usually involves mounting in one place - on the wall of the toilet, or even right on the bowl. In any case, the remote gives additional convenience: all important functions are combined in one device, located at hand. Of course, it makes sense to apply such management only in advanced models with plenty of accessibility.

— Smartphone control. Ability to control the settings and functions of the toilet from a smartphone, tablet or other mobile gadget with a special application installed on it. In fact - analogue of the above control panel, only implemented in the form of a mobile application. The connection can be via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; and some toilets with this function can even connect to the local network or the system of the «smart home», which gives access to the control from any point of the room, and even remotely via the Internet. Another interesting feature, often found in mobile applications - user profiles that preserve water temperature, shower hygiene and other parameters preferred by the individual.

— Child protection. The toilet bowl, even with antibacterial coating, is one of the most dangerous places in the house for a small child. This feature does not allow curious baby to get to the internal surface of the thicket and «catch» dangerous bacteria or chemicals. Most often, protection from children is implemented as a lock cover, which an adult can easily disable, and an unconscious little child - no.

— Backlit. Decorative lighting does not affect the functionality of the toilet bowl, but gives both the device and the bathroom an original appearance. Specific illumination options may vary: for example, in some models it has separate day and night modes, differing in brightness.

Additional items supplied with toilet bowl.

— Drain tank. The tank in which the water is stored for drainage. By definition comes complete with toilet comps (see. «Type»), although some of these models may have the option «without tank». But the traditional toilet bowls are very rarely sold immediately with a tank for plumbing - it is believed that this element of design in such cases is more convenient to choose separately.

— Seat with cover. A seat for comfortable placement on the toilet, supplemented by a lid that covers the bowl in «non-working time» and keeps unpleasant odors and harmful microorganisms inside. Both seats and covers are sold separately, but it is more convenient (and sometimes cheaper) to buy them together with the toilet. Especially this configuration can be useful when buying products of non-standard form, to which it is difficult to choose third party accessories.

— Sanitaryware(“sanitary faience”). The most common material for modern toilets, at a low cost, has a neat appearance, is durable and reliable. The main disadvantage is the porous structure, which contributes to the accumulation of dirt and odors (although recently technologies have been applied to eliminate this disadvantage). The service life of such material in modern toilets can reach 40 years.

— Sanfarfor(“sanitary porcelain”). Like sanitary ware, it belongs to ceramic materials, however, with similar strength and appearance, it absorbs water and dirt much less easily, due to which it has a longer service life - up to 60 years. However, sanitary porcelain is also more expensive.

- Stainless steel. The key advantage of “stainless steel” is its high strength: this material can easily withstand even strong impacts that can crack sanitary porcelain or sanitaryware. On the other hand, such toilets are not cheap, despite the fact that the mentioned strength in reality is not needed so often. Therefore, it makes sense to pay attention to this option in cases where reliability and resistance to damage are of key importance - for example, if plumbing fixtures are purchased for a stadium, bar, etc., and must be vandal-resistant.

- Ceramics. These or other types of ceramics that either do not belong to the sanitary porcelain or sanitary ware described above, or represent specific v...arieties of these materials. The specific features of ceramic toilets should be clarified separately; however, for the most part these are quite advanced and high-quality products.

Moreover, each of the listed materials may additionally have a special antibacterial toilet coating that prevents the growth and reproduction of bacteria. It significantly improves the hygiene of use, but affects the price.

The material from which the toilet seat is made.

- Duroplast. In appearance, Duroplast seats resemble ceramics. They look much more expensive than traditional plastic seats, and duroplast also has high strength, durability, resistance to impacts, ultraviolet rays and aggressive detergents. It's also heavy material. It is important to consider that in models without a closer, the duroplast seat and its cover can hit the toilet hard when lowered.

— Polypropylene. The seats are made of plastic, often called thermoplastic. This is a cheap, lightweight and easy-to-clean toilet seat material. Polypropylene can be quite strong and stable, but over time such products often become yellow, and plastic seats can become deformed, scratched and broken due to mechanical damage.

The listed materials may additionally have a special antibacterial coating that prevents the growth and reproduction of bacteria. It significantly improves the hygiene of using the toilet, but it does come at a price.

Toilets are of a particularly robust design, capable of effectively withstanding attempts to damage or dismantle the product.

The main distinguishing feature of anti-vandal toilet bowls is the material: they are not made of ceramic, but stainless steel, which provides the necessary strength. Of course, this design does not give an absolute guarantee against damage; however, it is very difficult to spoil such a toilet bowl with your bare hands or «improvised means». Vandal models are well suited for public toilets; and where the risk of damage to plumbing is initially high (for example, in football stadiums), such products are indispensable. But for home use, this option is not recommended: technically, there is nothing to prevent it, but anti-vandal toilet bowls are expensive, and in residential interior usually fit poorly.

Presence on the toilet seat decorative pattern. This feature does not affect the functionality, but models with the pattern have an unusual appearance and are noticeably stand out in comparison with ordinary toilets without a picture. This product can be especially useful for the bathroom in the original design.

The total weight of the product; for compact-toilet (cf. «Type»), as a rule, is specified for standard equipment - together with «native» tank (empty).

When choosing floor models on this indicator you can not pay much attention, but for a hanging toilet bowl (see. «Installation») weight is quite principial: because the installation (or other attachment) should normally withstand both the design and the user sitting on it.

The height of the toilet bowl, namely the upper edge of the bowl.

In floor models (cf. «Installation») this size is considered from the base, in suspended - from the bottom edge. It should be borne in mind that hanging articles are usually set at a height of at least 5 - 10 cm above the floor, so the actual height of the bowl will be greater by the appropriate amount. Flooring models are usually placed at the floor level, and the actual height of the bowl in them corresponds to the stated (theoretically it is possible to adjust this height by installing the toilet at an elevation or recess, but in practice it is easier to choose the model of the desired height).

The lowest height values - up to 30 cm inclusive - can be found exclusively in hanging toilets (this is not inconvenient given the features of installation). The same type of installation applies to most models on 31 - 34 cm and 35 - 37 cm, although these categories already include floor products. However, among the latter, the most popular height - 38 - 40 cm, is also very common outdoor toilet bowls height more than 40 cm (in suspended models the height is higher than 38 cm and rare).

Regarding the choice of this parameter, it is worth considering the use of the toilet. Thus, for public use, the best option is considere...d to be the actual height of the bowl of 40 - 44 cm; this height is clearly prescribed in some sanitary standards, it is convenient for most adults and is quite acceptable for children (except for the smallest, who already require the help of an adult when using the toilet). But for personal use, the toilet should be selected more carefully, and here may be suitable values. The general rule is that, ideally, the legs of a seated person should be bent at a right angle and freely stand on the floor without hanging or straining themselves beyond measure. However, people in the family may differ markedly in stature and needs. In general, therefore, it is recommended to take into account the growth of the highest family member and, in the case of a person with special needs, those needs first.

General dimensions of the toilet bowl in height, width and depth (by depth is meant the distance from the front edge to the rear edge).

These indicators allow you to determine how much space is required to install the product, and also affect some practical points. In this case, width and depth are of key importance. Specific figures and nuances for these dimensions are as follows:

- Width: up to 35 cm in the narrowest models, 40 cm or more in the widest, intermediate options - 36 - 37 cm and 38 - 39 cm. A large width is desirable if people of large build will use the toilet. However, it should be borne in mind that this dimensions is indicated by the widest part of the structure, and this is not necessarily a bowl - we can talk about a tank.
- Depth: up to 50 cm - is considered small, in the largest products - more than 65 cm ; intermediate options include 51 - 55 cm, 56 - 60 cm and 61 - 65 cm. Here the choice depends on the height and physique of the user: tall people and people with long legs will be most comfortable with toilets with great depth.

Height is worth mentioning. In models without a tank, it corresponds to the height of the bowl..., see more about this indicator above. In compact toilets (see "Type"), the height with the tank is usually indicated, it depends on how much vertical space is required for installation. Here, an indicator of 75 cm or less is considered small, 76 - 80 cm is average, 81 - 85 cm is above average, and for the highest products, more than 85 cm of free space above the floor will be required.

The country of origin of the brand under which the toilet is marketed. Nowadays, on sale you can mainly find products from such countries (in alphabetical order): Belgium, Germany, India, Spain, Italy, Poland, Turkey, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Japan.

There are many stereotypes related to how the origin of goods from a particular country affects their quality. However, in general, these stereotypes are unfounded. Firstly, this paragraph does not indicate the actual place of manufacture of the toilet bowl, but the "homeland" of the trademark (or the location of the manufacturer's headquarters); production facilities may be located in another country. Secondly, the actual quality of the product depends not so much on geography, but on the organization of processes within a particular company. So when choosing, it is best to focus not so much on the "nationality" of the toilet, but on the overall reputation of a particular brand. And paying attention to the country of origin makes sense if you fundamentally want (or do not want) to support a manufacturer from a...certain state.