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Floodlights & Garden Lamps: specifications, types
Product type
The type defines the general principles and design features of the luminaire and its purpose.
— Lamp. In this case, a luminaire is a relatively compact lighting device designed to illuminate a small space — for example, a terrace or an entrance door. In this case, the light is usually non-directional (180°), although models are available that look like small spotlights and have a narrower direction of the light flux (see "Illumination angle"). Usually, fixtures are designed for one, less often two lamps of not particularly high power — the maximum power (see below) rarely exceeds 150 watts. They can be installed in almost any way, but the most popular are wall, ceiling, suspended and built-in models (see "Installation").
— Spotlight. Floodlights are quite powerful light sources that provide mainly directional light (although in some models the illumination angles can reach 180 °) with a relatively high luminous flux. However, the key difference between such devices and lamps is their general purpose: spotlights are not intended for general lighting, but mainly for directional illumination. Moreover, the situation when the observer is standing in the shade can be called the best option for using such devices: even in relatively low-power models, the light can be sharp and very uncomfortable for the eyes.
— Garden bollard. Lighting device in the form of a column of small he...ight (usually up to 1.2 m), installed separately. Such columns can have different designs and designs, however, the light sources in them, usually, are located from above, and the light flux is usually directed mainly downwards — in order to illuminate the ground and not hit the eyes of a nearby person. In accordance with the name, such models are mainly intended for lighting garden and park paths, lawns, etc., and in such a way that a person can first of all see the surface on which he is walking.
— Lamp post. The features of this type of lamps are in many respects obvious from the name: these are high (usually more than 2 m) poles with lamps installed at the top. The lamps themselves (and individual lamps for them) are often provided in the design for several (2 or 3). Lampposts capture a vast space, not only on the ground, but also above; such devices are suitable for general lighting in urban and rural streets, parks, etc. But for use in a private house, they are poorly suited because of the bulkiness and high cost; the purchase of a lamppost can only be justified if the area is large and you want to have original lighting.
— Lamp. In this case, a luminaire is a relatively compact lighting device designed to illuminate a small space — for example, a terrace or an entrance door. In this case, the light is usually non-directional (180°), although models are available that look like small spotlights and have a narrower direction of the light flux (see "Illumination angle"). Usually, fixtures are designed for one, less often two lamps of not particularly high power — the maximum power (see below) rarely exceeds 150 watts. They can be installed in almost any way, but the most popular are wall, ceiling, suspended and built-in models (see "Installation").
— Spotlight. Floodlights are quite powerful light sources that provide mainly directional light (although in some models the illumination angles can reach 180 °) with a relatively high luminous flux. However, the key difference between such devices and lamps is their general purpose: spotlights are not intended for general lighting, but mainly for directional illumination. Moreover, the situation when the observer is standing in the shade can be called the best option for using such devices: even in relatively low-power models, the light can be sharp and very uncomfortable for the eyes.
— Garden bollard. Lighting device in the form of a column of small he...ight (usually up to 1.2 m), installed separately. Such columns can have different designs and designs, however, the light sources in them, usually, are located from above, and the light flux is usually directed mainly downwards — in order to illuminate the ground and not hit the eyes of a nearby person. In accordance with the name, such models are mainly intended for lighting garden and park paths, lawns, etc., and in such a way that a person can first of all see the surface on which he is walking.
— Lamp post. The features of this type of lamps are in many respects obvious from the name: these are high (usually more than 2 m) poles with lamps installed at the top. The lamps themselves (and individual lamps for them) are often provided in the design for several (2 or 3). Lampposts capture a vast space, not only on the ground, but also above; such devices are suitable for general lighting in urban and rural streets, parks, etc. But for use in a private house, they are poorly suited because of the bulkiness and high cost; the purchase of a lamppost can only be justified if the area is large and you want to have original lighting.
Style
The general style of the design of the lamp. This indicator, usually, does not affect the functionality of the device, but it makes it easier to choose a model for the style of the environment and your own wishes for the appearance.
— Classic. In fact — the second name for the style of "retro". The classical style usually involves antique decoration, with characteristic frilly decoration, curlicues, decorative elements, etc. However, most of these lamps look good in a modern setting.
— Hi-tech. Luminaires decorated in the style of "high technology". Usually, this design is quite restrained, it provides smooth metal surfaces, a minimum of decorative excesses and hints that the emphasis in the design is primarily on functionality. However, such minimalism is often the result of the painstaking work of designers, and high-tech models can also look very stylish.
— Modern. Relatively restrained style, essentially a cross between classic and futuristic high-tech (see above). In other words, this category includes fixtures that do not fit into either “retro” or high-tech; while some models have a design close to one of these directions, while others are quite neutral. In general, this style, on the one hand, is not very bright, on the other hand, it is very universal.
— Garden figurine. Lighting fixtures designed in the form of gard...en sculptures. The textbook version of such a sculpture is the “garden gnome with a lantern”, however, there are a great many other options: a tree with luminous flowers, a fabulous bird with shining plumage, etc. This is perhaps the most original and unusual style for outdoor fixtures; on the other hand, garden figurines are much more expensive than similar models in a more traditional design.
— Classic. In fact — the second name for the style of "retro". The classical style usually involves antique decoration, with characteristic frilly decoration, curlicues, decorative elements, etc. However, most of these lamps look good in a modern setting.
— Hi-tech. Luminaires decorated in the style of "high technology". Usually, this design is quite restrained, it provides smooth metal surfaces, a minimum of decorative excesses and hints that the emphasis in the design is primarily on functionality. However, such minimalism is often the result of the painstaking work of designers, and high-tech models can also look very stylish.
— Modern. Relatively restrained style, essentially a cross between classic and futuristic high-tech (see above). In other words, this category includes fixtures that do not fit into either “retro” or high-tech; while some models have a design close to one of these directions, while others are quite neutral. In general, this style, on the one hand, is not very bright, on the other hand, it is very universal.
— Garden figurine. Lighting fixtures designed in the form of gard...en sculptures. The textbook version of such a sculpture is the “garden gnome with a lantern”, however, there are a great many other options: a tree with luminous flowers, a fabulous bird with shining plumage, etc. This is perhaps the most original and unusual style for outdoor fixtures; on the other hand, garden figurines are much more expensive than similar models in a more traditional design.
Mount
Regular installation methods allowed by the design of the lamp.
— Wall mounted. Attach to a wall or other suitable vertical surface. In this case, the lamp itself can be directed both up and down.
— Ceiling. Fastening the luminaire directly to the ceiling (or other similar surface — for example, a cross member in a doorway).
— Suspended. Similar models are also mounted on the ceiling, however, it is not the body of the lamp that is attached to it, but a special base plate; a lamp hangs from this plate, and the role of a suspension can be played by a separate cable, chain, etc., or a power wire. This option is especially good for high ceilings — it allows you to slightly lower the location of the light source for more efficient lighting. However, the height of the suspension may be low, in which case such models differ little from the ceiling ones.
— Portable. Luminaires, originally designed to be quickly carried from place to place. To do this, the design provides appropriate devices — such as a carrying handle and a stand that allows you to put the device on any horizontal surface. However, the need for such an application arises relatively rarely, therefore, portable lamps have not received much distribution, such an installation is found only in single models of spotlights.
—...Track (guided). A specific type of luminaires designed for installation on a special conductive bus (track). The device can be moved along this rail like on rails, which allows you to choose its optimal location. In addition, track models traditionally have a movable design: the lamp can be rotated relative to the base fixed in the tyre, choosing the optimal direction of the light flux. The tyres themselves can have different lengths, if necessary, they can be connected to each other (straight or at an angle). All this gives a very wide range of options for setting up the lighting system. Track lights are popular primarily in retail spaces: they make it easy to highlight the right products or showcases and are easily reconfigured when changing the layout of the room.
— Console (on a pole). Models of LED lamps for providing street lighting. Such devices are installed along roads, in parking lots, gas stations, parks and other areas that need lighting. The main criterion for such lamps is a rectangular elongated body with several LEDs and installation on a lamppost.
— Embedded in the floor. Luminaires mounted in a niche in the floor; can also be installed in the vertical part of the step, highlighting the lower step. Also included are soil models designed for digging into the ground. Anyway, the methods of using such devices can be different, depending on the design and power: for example, some are suitable for illuminating high walls at night, others are designed to illuminate stairs, and others are more likely to designate a certain area on the ground ( garden path borders, parking spaces, etc.). In addition to the application possibilities that are not available for more traditional models, another advantage of recessed luminaires is that they practically do not protrude above the surface in which they are mounted (except for a few millimetres). Glasses in such models are usually made strong enough so that you can safely walk on them, and for many devices more solid strength characteristics are also claimed.
— Built into the wall. Luminaires designed for installation in a wall niche. Unlike models built into the floor (see above), they often have a more traditional application: in fact, they are an analogue of wall lamps, only they are installed not on the wall, but in it, practically without protruding. However, there are solutions for specific tasks — for example, side lighting of stairs. Anyway, compactness is the main advantage of recessed solutions, they are especially useful in cramped conditions, when a luminaire protruding from the wall can create inconvenience. On the other hand, the installation itself is noticeably more complicated due to the need to prepare a niche in the wall.
— Standing separately. Luminaires that can be installed on any suitable surface and are not dependent on walls, ceilings, etc. Note that the specific installation method may vary: some models are able to stand normally on any flat surface, others have a leg immersed in soft ground. This installation method can be found in any type of fixture (see above), however, in garden bollards and lampposts, it is used by definition.
— Wall mounted. Attach to a wall or other suitable vertical surface. In this case, the lamp itself can be directed both up and down.
— Ceiling. Fastening the luminaire directly to the ceiling (or other similar surface — for example, a cross member in a doorway).
— Suspended. Similar models are also mounted on the ceiling, however, it is not the body of the lamp that is attached to it, but a special base plate; a lamp hangs from this plate, and the role of a suspension can be played by a separate cable, chain, etc., or a power wire. This option is especially good for high ceilings — it allows you to slightly lower the location of the light source for more efficient lighting. However, the height of the suspension may be low, in which case such models differ little from the ceiling ones.
— Portable. Luminaires, originally designed to be quickly carried from place to place. To do this, the design provides appropriate devices — such as a carrying handle and a stand that allows you to put the device on any horizontal surface. However, the need for such an application arises relatively rarely, therefore, portable lamps have not received much distribution, such an installation is found only in single models of spotlights.
—...Track (guided). A specific type of luminaires designed for installation on a special conductive bus (track). The device can be moved along this rail like on rails, which allows you to choose its optimal location. In addition, track models traditionally have a movable design: the lamp can be rotated relative to the base fixed in the tyre, choosing the optimal direction of the light flux. The tyres themselves can have different lengths, if necessary, they can be connected to each other (straight or at an angle). All this gives a very wide range of options for setting up the lighting system. Track lights are popular primarily in retail spaces: they make it easy to highlight the right products or showcases and are easily reconfigured when changing the layout of the room.
— Console (on a pole). Models of LED lamps for providing street lighting. Such devices are installed along roads, in parking lots, gas stations, parks and other areas that need lighting. The main criterion for such lamps is a rectangular elongated body with several LEDs and installation on a lamppost.
— Embedded in the floor. Luminaires mounted in a niche in the floor; can also be installed in the vertical part of the step, highlighting the lower step. Also included are soil models designed for digging into the ground. Anyway, the methods of using such devices can be different, depending on the design and power: for example, some are suitable for illuminating high walls at night, others are designed to illuminate stairs, and others are more likely to designate a certain area on the ground ( garden path borders, parking spaces, etc.). In addition to the application possibilities that are not available for more traditional models, another advantage of recessed luminaires is that they practically do not protrude above the surface in which they are mounted (except for a few millimetres). Glasses in such models are usually made strong enough so that you can safely walk on them, and for many devices more solid strength characteristics are also claimed.
— Built into the wall. Luminaires designed for installation in a wall niche. Unlike models built into the floor (see above), they often have a more traditional application: in fact, they are an analogue of wall lamps, only they are installed not on the wall, but in it, practically without protruding. However, there are solutions for specific tasks — for example, side lighting of stairs. Anyway, compactness is the main advantage of recessed solutions, they are especially useful in cramped conditions, when a luminaire protruding from the wall can create inconvenience. On the other hand, the installation itself is noticeably more complicated due to the need to prepare a niche in the wall.
— Standing separately. Luminaires that can be installed on any suitable surface and are not dependent on walls, ceilings, etc. Note that the specific installation method may vary: some models are able to stand normally on any flat surface, others have a leg immersed in soft ground. This installation method can be found in any type of fixture (see above), however, in garden bollards and lampposts, it is used by definition.
Light source
The light source that is normally used in the lamp, in other words, the type of lamp for which it is designed. Many models are standardly equipped with appropriate light sources (in the case of LED, this is generally required, as well as for models with smart lamps).
— Incandescent lamp. The traditional incandescent lamp is a sealed flask with an inert gas, which contains a thin spiral of refractory alloy, which glows during operation. Such lamps are inexpensive and unpretentious, but are considered obsolete and are gradually being replaced by more advanced light sources — halogen, fluorescent (they are also “daylight” and “energy-saving”) and light-emitting diode (LED). Therefore, in this case, we do not mean those lamps that are designed only for incandescent lamps, but universal models that can use any light source that is suitable in size, type of base and operating voltage. Features of halogen and LED lamps are described below; as for luminescent ones, they really have very low power consumption with good brightness. However the efficiency of such lamps is lower than that of LEDs, they are incompatible with dimmers and some other specific functions, and they are also environmentally unsafe, because mercury vapor is often used. However, "energy-saving" models are cheaper than LED ones.
— Halogen lamp. An improv...ed and modified modification of the incandescent lamps described above: the gas in the bulb contains bromine or iodine vapor, which prevent molecules from evaporating from the surface of the incandescent filament (more precisely, they “return back” the escaped molecules). Due to this, halogen lamps, having the same pleasant glow spectrum, work much longer, and in general are somewhat more efficient. Another advantage of this technology is the ability to create small and at the same time bright light sources. From the point of view of the principle of operation, such lamps and conventional incandescent lamps are quite interchangeable. However, "halogen lamps" can be equipped with specific types of socles that are used only for this type of lamp; and some manufacturers initially complete their lamps with halogen light sources and directly declare this as one of the features. This category includes models that belong to one of these two categories.
— LED. Light sources based on light-emitting diodes (LED). This option is considered the most advanced today, primarily because, with miniature sizes, LEDs have an extremely high efficiency — 8-12 times higher than incandescent lamps. For example, the LED analogue of a 40-watt lamp will consume about 5 watts, a 100-watt lamp will consume about 9 watts. This allows you to create bright and at the same time economical light sources. However, LED lights are very expensive. Also note that LED blocks are often made non-removable and change only when the lamp is disassembled. And even in those models that use replaceable LED lamps with standard sockets, such lamps can only be changed to other LED (at best, also fluorescent) light sources. This is due to the fact that incandescent lamps (including halogen ones) have a higher power consumption and get very hot during operation; The LED lamp is not designed for either.
— Smart bulb. The light source is a smart bulb. Smart illuminators allow you to fine-tune the operating parameters at a fairly fine level. So, depending on the type, a smart bulb allows you to adjust: colour shade, brightness, on and off time. Among smart bulbs, there are many models with a built-in battery. The very operation of a smart light bulb can be controlled using a smartphone, tablet, laptop or PC, for which the user will have to install special software. Interaction with the illuminator is most often implemented through the built-in Wi-Fi module.
— Incandescent lamp. The traditional incandescent lamp is a sealed flask with an inert gas, which contains a thin spiral of refractory alloy, which glows during operation. Such lamps are inexpensive and unpretentious, but are considered obsolete and are gradually being replaced by more advanced light sources — halogen, fluorescent (they are also “daylight” and “energy-saving”) and light-emitting diode (LED). Therefore, in this case, we do not mean those lamps that are designed only for incandescent lamps, but universal models that can use any light source that is suitable in size, type of base and operating voltage. Features of halogen and LED lamps are described below; as for luminescent ones, they really have very low power consumption with good brightness. However the efficiency of such lamps is lower than that of LEDs, they are incompatible with dimmers and some other specific functions, and they are also environmentally unsafe, because mercury vapor is often used. However, "energy-saving" models are cheaper than LED ones.
— Halogen lamp. An improv...ed and modified modification of the incandescent lamps described above: the gas in the bulb contains bromine or iodine vapor, which prevent molecules from evaporating from the surface of the incandescent filament (more precisely, they “return back” the escaped molecules). Due to this, halogen lamps, having the same pleasant glow spectrum, work much longer, and in general are somewhat more efficient. Another advantage of this technology is the ability to create small and at the same time bright light sources. From the point of view of the principle of operation, such lamps and conventional incandescent lamps are quite interchangeable. However, "halogen lamps" can be equipped with specific types of socles that are used only for this type of lamp; and some manufacturers initially complete their lamps with halogen light sources and directly declare this as one of the features. This category includes models that belong to one of these two categories.
— LED. Light sources based on light-emitting diodes (LED). This option is considered the most advanced today, primarily because, with miniature sizes, LEDs have an extremely high efficiency — 8-12 times higher than incandescent lamps. For example, the LED analogue of a 40-watt lamp will consume about 5 watts, a 100-watt lamp will consume about 9 watts. This allows you to create bright and at the same time economical light sources. However, LED lights are very expensive. Also note that LED blocks are often made non-removable and change only when the lamp is disassembled. And even in those models that use replaceable LED lamps with standard sockets, such lamps can only be changed to other LED (at best, also fluorescent) light sources. This is due to the fact that incandescent lamps (including halogen ones) have a higher power consumption and get very hot during operation; The LED lamp is not designed for either.
— Smart bulb. The light source is a smart bulb. Smart illuminators allow you to fine-tune the operating parameters at a fairly fine level. So, depending on the type, a smart bulb allows you to adjust: colour shade, brightness, on and off time. Among smart bulbs, there are many models with a built-in battery. The very operation of a smart light bulb can be controlled using a smartphone, tablet, laptop or PC, for which the user will have to install special software. Interaction with the illuminator is most often implemented through the built-in Wi-Fi module.
Base
The type of base used to install the lamp in the luminaire — in those models where replaceable lamps are used (many LED models do not provide such a replacement, the LED block is built into them “forever”).
— E27. Classic round plinth with thread, diameter 27 mm, the most popular type of plinth in the CIS countries; most users are familiar primarily with household lamps. It is used mainly for lamps of average power and sizes.
— E40. An enlarged analogue of the popular E27, 40 mm in diameter. It is intended mainly for high power incandescent lamps (several hundred watts), used in the corresponding models of lamps.
— E14. Reduced analogue of the classic incandescent lamp, with a diameter of 14 mm. It is used for low power and, accordingly, in more compact lamps.
— G4. All G-type bases have two pins and differ in pin diameter and spacing. In this version, these figures are respectively 0.65-0.75 mm (up to 1.05 mm in some modifications) and 4 mm.
— G5. Standard base for tubular fluorescent lamps. The distance between the pins is 5 mm.
— G9. 2-pin base with standard 9 mm contact spacing.
— G12. 2-pin base with standard 12 mm contact spacing.
— G13. 2-pin base with standard 2.35 mm contact diameter and 13 mm contact spacing, standard on most domestic daylight lamps.
— ...ref="/list/1112/pr-35549/">GU5.3. Two-pin base with a standard contact diameter of 1.4-1.6 mm and a distance between them of 5.33 mm.
— GU10. 2-pin base with standard 10 mm contact spacing. It has bulges at the ends of the pins, designed to be fixed in the chuck by turning.
— GX22. Another type of two-pin bases, distinguished by the fact that the pins have a different shape (the distance between them is 22 mm). Often found in high power lamps, 1 kW and even more.
— GX53. Base with a round ledge and two contacts on the sides of it. Contacts have bulges for fixation in curly cutouts of the cartridge due to rotation (similar to G10). Lamps with a base of this type have a flat shape.
— GR8. A specific two-pin base, mainly used in fluorescent lamps of a special design — flat, with a relatively long and thin tube resembling the letter Sh. Rarely found in lamps.
— R7s. The design of the R7s base includes a protruding pin in the centre of the socket, which, when the lamp is installed, is connected to a recessed contact at the bottom of the lamp. At the same time, the lamps themselves have a characteristic elongated shape and are fixed between two contacts of the R7s type. By type, they, usually, belong to halogen (see "Light source") — more precisely, halogen quartz, of fairly high power (from 150 W and above).
— Rx7s. The design of such a base is almost the same as the R7s described above, however, it has a slightly different purpose: it was created with high-pressure halogen discharge lamps. They differ from "ordinary" (linear) halogen lamps in that they do not glow with an incandescent spiral, but with an electric discharge in a gaseous medium. Discharge lamps can be noticeably more powerful, more than 1 kW; this puts forward specific requirements for strength and heat resistance, so the lamps under R7s and Rx7s are not interchangeable, you can only install the lamp in the appropriate base.
— E27. Classic round plinth with thread, diameter 27 mm, the most popular type of plinth in the CIS countries; most users are familiar primarily with household lamps. It is used mainly for lamps of average power and sizes.
— E40. An enlarged analogue of the popular E27, 40 mm in diameter. It is intended mainly for high power incandescent lamps (several hundred watts), used in the corresponding models of lamps.
— E14. Reduced analogue of the classic incandescent lamp, with a diameter of 14 mm. It is used for low power and, accordingly, in more compact lamps.
— G4. All G-type bases have two pins and differ in pin diameter and spacing. In this version, these figures are respectively 0.65-0.75 mm (up to 1.05 mm in some modifications) and 4 mm.
— G5. Standard base for tubular fluorescent lamps. The distance between the pins is 5 mm.
— G9. 2-pin base with standard 9 mm contact spacing.
— G12. 2-pin base with standard 12 mm contact spacing.
— G13. 2-pin base with standard 2.35 mm contact diameter and 13 mm contact spacing, standard on most domestic daylight lamps.
— ...ref="/list/1112/pr-35549/">GU5.3. Two-pin base with a standard contact diameter of 1.4-1.6 mm and a distance between them of 5.33 mm.
— GU10. 2-pin base with standard 10 mm contact spacing. It has bulges at the ends of the pins, designed to be fixed in the chuck by turning.
— GX22. Another type of two-pin bases, distinguished by the fact that the pins have a different shape (the distance between them is 22 mm). Often found in high power lamps, 1 kW and even more.
— GX53. Base with a round ledge and two contacts on the sides of it. Contacts have bulges for fixation in curly cutouts of the cartridge due to rotation (similar to G10). Lamps with a base of this type have a flat shape.
— GR8. A specific two-pin base, mainly used in fluorescent lamps of a special design — flat, with a relatively long and thin tube resembling the letter Sh. Rarely found in lamps.
— R7s. The design of the R7s base includes a protruding pin in the centre of the socket, which, when the lamp is installed, is connected to a recessed contact at the bottom of the lamp. At the same time, the lamps themselves have a characteristic elongated shape and are fixed between two contacts of the R7s type. By type, they, usually, belong to halogen (see "Light source") — more precisely, halogen quartz, of fairly high power (from 150 W and above).
— Rx7s. The design of such a base is almost the same as the R7s described above, however, it has a slightly different purpose: it was created with high-pressure halogen discharge lamps. They differ from "ordinary" (linear) halogen lamps in that they do not glow with an incandescent spiral, but with an electric discharge in a gaseous medium. Discharge lamps can be noticeably more powerful, more than 1 kW; this puts forward specific requirements for strength and heat resistance, so the lamps under R7s and Rx7s are not interchangeable, you can only install the lamp in the appropriate base.
Number of light sources
The number of light sources can be characterized both by seats for lamps and directly by LED modules.
In modern fixtures, both one and several lamps can be used. The latter is often found in models that require greater brightness and range of illumination, in particular, street lamps. However, even in low-power lamps it is often more convenient to use not one lamp for all the necessary power, but many weaker light sources: they are more compact, they are easier to find on the market, and if one lamp fails, the lamp, usually, remains operational (even if only partially). However, there are other reasons for using several lamps — for example, 2 lamps, 3 lamps or more are used for lighting in different directions.
For LED devices, the presence of a second module does not imply a second LED (since there may even be several dozen of them), but an additional glow source, which can be visually framed separately, and in operation it is clearly visible that there are two light sources.
In modern fixtures, both one and several lamps can be used. The latter is often found in models that require greater brightness and range of illumination, in particular, street lamps. However, even in low-power lamps it is often more convenient to use not one lamp for all the necessary power, but many weaker light sources: they are more compact, they are easier to find on the market, and if one lamp fails, the lamp, usually, remains operational (even if only partially). However, there are other reasons for using several lamps — for example, 2 lamps, 3 lamps or more are used for lighting in different directions.
For LED devices, the presence of a second module does not imply a second LED (since there may even be several dozen of them), but an additional glow source, which can be visually framed separately, and in operation it is clearly visible that there are two light sources.
Max. lamp power
The highest power of the light source (lamp) with which the luminaire can operate normally. For models that do not use replaceable lamps (usually LED, see "Light source"), this item indicates the nominal power of the light source; for devices with several lamps or LEDs — the total maximum power (for example, for three 60 W bulbs this figure will be 180 W).
This limitation is due to the fact that more powerful lamps emit more heat (with the exception of LED, where heat generation is minimal) and consume more electricity; this puts forward the corresponding requirements for the heat resistance of the luminaire body and the reliability of the wiring. Therefore, recommendations for power cannot be exceeded — this can lead to failure and even fire of the lamp.
In general, the higher the maximum power, the brighter the lamp will be and the higher its power consumption. However, only models with the same type, in extreme cases, similar light sources, can be compared according to this indicator (see above). In addition, it is worth considering other design features — in particular, the angle of illumination (narrowly directional models usually use reflectors that increase the apparent brightness of light compared to non-directional ones).
This limitation is due to the fact that more powerful lamps emit more heat (with the exception of LED, where heat generation is minimal) and consume more electricity; this puts forward the corresponding requirements for the heat resistance of the luminaire body and the reliability of the wiring. Therefore, recommendations for power cannot be exceeded — this can lead to failure and even fire of the lamp.
In general, the higher the maximum power, the brighter the lamp will be and the higher its power consumption. However, only models with the same type, in extreme cases, similar light sources, can be compared according to this indicator (see above). In addition, it is worth considering other design features — in particular, the angle of illumination (narrowly directional models usually use reflectors that increase the apparent brightness of light compared to non-directional ones).
Luminous flux
The luminous flux, nominally given out by the lamp (in models with replaceable bulbs — when using lamps of maximum power).
The higher the value of the light flux, the brighter the glow will be, the farther the lamp will turn out and the easier it will be for it to cover a vast space (at the same lighting angles). However, the number of lumens is a rather specific parameter and is rarely required in fact, mainly for special purposes. It is easier for many to evaluate the capabilities of a lamp using special tables in which the luminous flux is related to the overall brightness of light, lighting range, etc. Here is one of the simplest tables — luminous flux values for the most popular incandescent lamps:
— a 40 W lamp produces approximately 370 lm;
— 60 W — 550 lm;
— 75 W — 800 lm;
— 100 W — 1200 lm;
— 150 W — 1900 lm;
— 200 W — 2700 lm.
That is, for example, if an LED lamp produces 1800 lumens, its capabilities approximately correspond to a 150-watt light bulb. In everyday life, it is often easier to evaluate the brightness of fixtures in this way.
Note that the principle “the more the better” in the case of brightness is not always applicable. And the point here is not only in energy consumption: too bright light can be uncomfortable, and even harmful to the eyes.
The higher the value of the light flux, the brighter the glow will be, the farther the lamp will turn out and the easier it will be for it to cover a vast space (at the same lighting angles). However, the number of lumens is a rather specific parameter and is rarely required in fact, mainly for special purposes. It is easier for many to evaluate the capabilities of a lamp using special tables in which the luminous flux is related to the overall brightness of light, lighting range, etc. Here is one of the simplest tables — luminous flux values for the most popular incandescent lamps:
— a 40 W lamp produces approximately 370 lm;
— 60 W — 550 lm;
— 75 W — 800 lm;
— 100 W — 1200 lm;
— 150 W — 1900 lm;
— 200 W — 2700 lm.
That is, for example, if an LED lamp produces 1800 lumens, its capabilities approximately correspond to a 150-watt light bulb. In everyday life, it is often easier to evaluate the brightness of fixtures in this way.
Note that the principle “the more the better” in the case of brightness is not always applicable. And the point here is not only in energy consumption: too bright light can be uncomfortable, and even harmful to the eyes.
Colour temperature
The colour temperature of the light emitted by the luminaire when using a standard lamp. Note that this parameter is most often indicated for LED models (see "Light source"): it is LEDs that can differ markedly in colour temperature, but among halogen lamps and incandescent lamps, noticeable differences from the general norm are extremely rare.
According to this indicator, you can evaluate the colour of the glow in warm, or, conversely, cold tones. Note that an increase in colour temperature shifts the colour towards cold, bluish colours. So, neutral white light has a colour temperature of 3500 – 4500 K, lower values correspond to the warm light of incandescent lamps, and the highest values \u200b\u200bfound in modern lamps reach 6500 K — this is a pronounced bluish tint.
The choice of colour temperature depends primarily on the personal preferences of the user, as well as design considerations.
According to this indicator, you can evaluate the colour of the glow in warm, or, conversely, cold tones. Note that an increase in colour temperature shifts the colour towards cold, bluish colours. So, neutral white light has a colour temperature of 3500 – 4500 K, lower values correspond to the warm light of incandescent lamps, and the highest values \u200b\u200bfound in modern lamps reach 6500 K — this is a pronounced bluish tint.
The choice of colour temperature depends primarily on the personal preferences of the user, as well as design considerations.
Illumination angle
The angle of illumination provided by the luminaire, in other words, the size of the sector in which the luminous flux diverges.
With the same power and type of light source (see above), a wider angle of illumination allows you to cover more space, but the brightness (and, therefore, the overall efficiency) of the illumination is reduced. A narrower angle, in turn, limits the illuminated space, but the brightness and "range" of the lamp are higher. Accordingly, the choice for this parameter depends on what is more important — a concentrated stream of light or a wide coverage.
Specifying lighting angles is customary for models that illuminate the sector less than 180 °. There are also more wide-angle products — for example, lampposts and many garden bollards (see "Type") are capable of covering a full 360°; however, for them, the angle of illumination is not given — it is obvious from the design. And in the most narrowly focused modern lamps, this indicator is about 30 – 40 °; these are, usually, spotlights designed for special purposes (for example, decorative or security lighting).
With the same power and type of light source (see above), a wider angle of illumination allows you to cover more space, but the brightness (and, therefore, the overall efficiency) of the illumination is reduced. A narrower angle, in turn, limits the illuminated space, but the brightness and "range" of the lamp are higher. Accordingly, the choice for this parameter depends on what is more important — a concentrated stream of light or a wide coverage.
Specifying lighting angles is customary for models that illuminate the sector less than 180 °. There are also more wide-angle products — for example, lampposts and many garden bollards (see "Type") are capable of covering a full 360°; however, for them, the angle of illumination is not given — it is obvious from the design. And in the most narrowly focused modern lamps, this indicator is about 30 – 40 °; these are, usually, spotlights designed for special purposes (for example, decorative or security lighting).
Number of LEDs
The number of LEDs provided in the design of the corresponding luminaire (see "Light source"). Note that this parameter is indicated only for models built on the basis of a non-removable LED block and not using standard socles (see above) for replaceable lamps (in the latter case, the number of lamps is indicated).
Theoretically, numerous LEDs contributes to the high power and brightness of the lamp. However, different models of LEDs can differ in power and luminous flux at times, or even orders of magnitude; therefore, in fact, a single-diode lamp can be much more powerful and brighter than a "repeated" one. But what this indicator directly affects is reliability and fault tolerance: the more LEDs, the less the performance of each of them affects the operation of the lamp, the more LEDs can fail without a noticeable effect on efficiency.
Theoretically, numerous LEDs contributes to the high power and brightness of the lamp. However, different models of LEDs can differ in power and luminous flux at times, or even orders of magnitude; therefore, in fact, a single-diode lamp can be much more powerful and brighter than a "repeated" one. But what this indicator directly affects is reliability and fault tolerance: the more LEDs, the less the performance of each of them affects the operation of the lamp, the more LEDs can fail without a noticeable effect on efficiency.
Diode model
Model of light-emitting diodes (LED) installed in the corresponding luminaire (see "Light source"). Specified only for models with built-in LED blocks, without standard plinths (any suitable LED lamp can be installed in them). In general, this parameter is not particularly relevant when choosing: if you wish, you can find detailed characteristics for diodes and evaluate their capabilities, but in fact it is easier to focus on simpler and more visual parameters stated in the general characteristics of the lamp — luminous flux, colour temperature, etc. . In reality, data on the model of LEDs can be useful only when replacing failed LEDs.
Motion sensor
The presence of a motion sensor in the design of the lamp.
Such lamps are usually configured to turn on when movement is detected nearby and turn off some time after the moving object has disappeared from the “field of view” of the sensor. The most popular way to use this feature is to work as a circuit breaker: for example, the lamp above the entrance to the house can turn on even when a person is at the gate, allowing you to walk through a brightly lit yard. In addition, a lamp with this function can play the role of an impromptu alarm, warning the owner of a possible intruder and at the same time highlighting the place of violation.
Motion sensors are also available separately, but the built-in sensor is often more convenient, more compact, and even cheaper.
Such lamps are usually configured to turn on when movement is detected nearby and turn off some time after the moving object has disappeared from the “field of view” of the sensor. The most popular way to use this feature is to work as a circuit breaker: for example, the lamp above the entrance to the house can turn on even when a person is at the gate, allowing you to walk through a brightly lit yard. In addition, a lamp with this function can play the role of an impromptu alarm, warning the owner of a possible intruder and at the same time highlighting the place of violation.
Motion sensors are also available separately, but the built-in sensor is often more convenient, more compact, and even cheaper.
Light sensor
The presence of a light sensor in the design of the lamp.
This sensor monitors the light level of the surrounding area and turns on the lamp if the light becomes too weak. Thus, it is possible to automate the operation of the lamp: it will automatically turn on at dusk and turn off at dawn, and the owner does not need to control the lighting manually. Note that light sensors have some probability of false alarms — for example, in bad weather, when even in the daytime it can noticeably darken, or when debris gets on the photosensor, shading it.
This sensor monitors the light level of the surrounding area and turns on the lamp if the light becomes too weak. Thus, it is possible to automate the operation of the lamp: it will automatically turn on at dusk and turn off at dawn, and the owner does not need to control the lighting manually. Note that light sensors have some probability of false alarms — for example, in bad weather, when even in the daytime it can noticeably darken, or when debris gets on the photosensor, shading it.
Solar battery
The presence of a solar battery in the design of the lamp.
This function is usually supplemented by a built-in battery (see below). Thus, during the day, in bright light, the lamp can accumulate energy (“charged by light”), and at night, it can operate from the built-in battery. Such a battery does not necessarily have a capacity that is 100% sufficient to power the lamp during dark (working) hours, and the charging efficiency depends on the weather (light brightness). However, the combination of "photocell + battery" anyway covers a significant part of the need for electricity and significantly reduces energy consumption from external sources. Solar-powered lamps are not cheap, but this disadvantage is compensated, if not covered, by lower energy costs.
This function is usually supplemented by a built-in battery (see below). Thus, during the day, in bright light, the lamp can accumulate energy (“charged by light”), and at night, it can operate from the built-in battery. Such a battery does not necessarily have a capacity that is 100% sufficient to power the lamp during dark (working) hours, and the charging efficiency depends on the weather (light brightness). However, the combination of "photocell + battery" anyway covers a significant part of the need for electricity and significantly reduces energy consumption from external sources. Solar-powered lamps are not cheap, but this disadvantage is compensated, if not covered, by lower energy costs.
Built-in battery
The presence of a built-in battery in the design of the lamp.
This feature is almost mandatory for solutions with solar panels. The specifics of such fixtures (including the use of batteries) are described in detail above. However, there are also models that have batteries, but are not capable of charging from the sun. Usually, this is the so-called "emergency lights" that turn on when the main lighting is turned off (for example, due to a network failure or a natural disaster).
This feature is almost mandatory for solutions with solar panels. The specifics of such fixtures (including the use of batteries) are described in detail above. However, there are also models that have batteries, but are not capable of charging from the sun. Usually, this is the so-called "emergency lights" that turn on when the main lighting is turned off (for example, due to a network failure or a natural disaster).
Rotary
The presence of a swivel body in the design of the lamp. In this case, the housing means the part where the lamp is directly installed; this part in the "rotary" models is mounted on a movable mount and is able to rotate relative to the base. This expands the possibilities for setting up the lamp: you can direct the flow of light as you wish, without moving or tilting the base itself. Swivel housings are almost mandatory for track lights (see "Installation"), but can be used in other varieties.
Power source
The power supply voltage used to power the spotlight or lamp.
Most of the lighting equipment is powered by a standard 230 V household power supply. There are also spotlights designed for lower voltage: 3.7 V, 12 V, 24 V. Low-voltage built-in spotlights are placed in furniture, walls, on the ceiling, in the floor or in the ground (decorative products ). To power electric lamps in high risk areas and in especially dangerous areas, a voltage of not more than 50 V is allowed, and if there is a possibility of electric shock, not more than 12 V. Wiring for low supply voltage circuits is less demanding in relation to deploying 230 V circuits .
Most of the lighting equipment is powered by a standard 230 V household power supply. There are also spotlights designed for lower voltage: 3.7 V, 12 V, 24 V. Low-voltage built-in spotlights are placed in furniture, walls, on the ceiling, in the floor or in the ground (decorative products ). To power electric lamps in high risk areas and in especially dangerous areas, a voltage of not more than 50 V is allowed, and if there is a possibility of electric shock, not more than 12 V. Wiring for low supply voltage circuits is less demanding in relation to deploying 230 V circuits .
Protection class
Class of protection against dust and moisture, which corresponds to the body of the lamp.
Since in this case we are talking about luminaires intended for use on the street or in similar conditions (or at least allowing it), this parameter is one of the most important — it determines the suitability of the luminaire for installation in a particular place. For the same performance, better-protected models tend to be more expensive, although there is not always a real need for protection. For example, for a garden column, the ability to tolerate showers is extremely important, and for a wall lamp in the “nook” of a closed veranda, such properties are not required.
The ingress protection class is traditionally indicated according to the IP standard. The two digits in this designation describe the resistance to dust / pollution (first), and moisture (second).
Here are the dust protection options found in modern fixtures:
— 2. Protection against the penetration of objects with a diameter of more than 12 mm (comparable to a human finger). The minimum level at which certification is generally considered justified.
— 3. Protection against objects with a size of 2.5 mm or more.
— 4. Protection against objects and particles with a size of 1 mm or more.
— 5. Complete protection against foreign objects, protection of sensitive components from dust (dust can penetrate into the case, but does not affect performance).
—...6. Full dust-tight housing.
For water protection, options can be as follows:
— 0. Complete lack of protection. Water on the case will not necessarily lead to an "accident", but there are some places on the outside that moisture should not be allowed to enter.
— 1. Protection against drops of water falling vertically.
— 2. Protection against drops of water falling at an angle up to 15°. Allows without consequences to endure falling under not very heavy rain without wind.
— 3. Protection against drops of water falling at an angle up to 60°. Ability to endure heavy rain.
— 4. Protection against splashes falling on the device from any direction. You can talk about resistance to showers.
— 5. Protection against pressure jets from any direction. Almost guaranteed ability to endure rain of any intensity.
— 6. Protection against strong jets, sea waves and short-term flooding (getting into the water for 1 – 2 seconds). Also called "anti-storm".
— 7. Protection against short-term immersion in water to a depth of 1 m (without continuous operation in immersed mode). It can be useful on embankments, intensively flooded with water in bad weather
— 8. Full tightness, the ability to endure diving to a depth of at least 1 m for a duration of at least 30 minutes (specific values \u200b\u200bmay be different) with the ability to work in submerged mode. In the case of lighting fixtures, it is relevant primarily for areas that may be subject to flooding.
Since in this case we are talking about luminaires intended for use on the street or in similar conditions (or at least allowing it), this parameter is one of the most important — it determines the suitability of the luminaire for installation in a particular place. For the same performance, better-protected models tend to be more expensive, although there is not always a real need for protection. For example, for a garden column, the ability to tolerate showers is extremely important, and for a wall lamp in the “nook” of a closed veranda, such properties are not required.
The ingress protection class is traditionally indicated according to the IP standard. The two digits in this designation describe the resistance to dust / pollution (first), and moisture (second).
Here are the dust protection options found in modern fixtures:
— 2. Protection against the penetration of objects with a diameter of more than 12 mm (comparable to a human finger). The minimum level at which certification is generally considered justified.
— 3. Protection against objects with a size of 2.5 mm or more.
— 4. Protection against objects and particles with a size of 1 mm or more.
— 5. Complete protection against foreign objects, protection of sensitive components from dust (dust can penetrate into the case, but does not affect performance).
—...6. Full dust-tight housing.
For water protection, options can be as follows:
— 0. Complete lack of protection. Water on the case will not necessarily lead to an "accident", but there are some places on the outside that moisture should not be allowed to enter.
— 1. Protection against drops of water falling vertically.
— 2. Protection against drops of water falling at an angle up to 15°. Allows without consequences to endure falling under not very heavy rain without wind.
— 3. Protection against drops of water falling at an angle up to 60°. Ability to endure heavy rain.
— 4. Protection against splashes falling on the device from any direction. You can talk about resistance to showers.
— 5. Protection against pressure jets from any direction. Almost guaranteed ability to endure rain of any intensity.
— 6. Protection against strong jets, sea waves and short-term flooding (getting into the water for 1 – 2 seconds). Also called "anti-storm".
— 7. Protection against short-term immersion in water to a depth of 1 m (without continuous operation in immersed mode). It can be useful on embankments, intensively flooded with water in bad weather
— 8. Full tightness, the ability to endure diving to a depth of at least 1 m for a duration of at least 30 minutes (specific values \u200b\u200bmay be different) with the ability to work in submerged mode. In the case of lighting fixtures, it is relevant primarily for areas that may be subject to flooding.
Material
The main material used in the construction of the lamp.
— Plastic. A relatively inexpensive material that is easy to process and can take on any colour and shape — including translucent and transparent shades, as well as complex objects (for example, garden sculptures — see "Style"). In addition, the advantages of plastic are low weight and insensitivity to moisture. On the other hand, this material is less durable than metal, scratches easily, is not very resistant to ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes and weather disasters in general, and as a result, is not very durable. Thus, plastic is relatively rare — mainly in inexpensive fixtures, many of which are more likely to be used indoors and in other simple conditions. Note that models made of this material can be an imitation of more expensive metal lamps, often of quite high quality.
— Metal. The name "metal" is quite general, it can mean different metals and their alloys, differing in appearance, weight, strength, etc. However, all metal products have a fairly high reliability and durability; theoretically, this material can be sensitive to corrosion, but in fact this moment is compensated either by water-resistant alloys or by the use of special coatings. Metal housings are used everywhere, but they are most popular, perhaps, in classic style lamps (see above).
— Aluminium. Cases made of aluminium (more precisely, from aluminium alloys) are distinguished from all other metal pr...oducts due to a number of specific features. In particular, this material combines lightness with high strength and absolute resistance to corrosion. In addition, due to its characteristic appearance, it is well suited for high-tech cases (see above), although this, of course, is not limited to this. Among the disadvantages of aluminium, one can note a rather high cost compared to most other metals used in lamps.
— Glass. The glass body gives the lamp a very original appearance; in addition, by appropriately selecting the transparency, colour and shape of the glass, you can achieve various lighting effects. Actually, most of these models are specifically designed and are used not only as lamps, but also as a characteristic detail of a rich interior. Accordingly, such solutions are not cheap. Note that glass is considered to be a rather fragile material, but in this case it is often different: many glass lamps are designed to be built into the floor (see "Installation") and are made of special high-strength glass that can withstand very solid loads.
— Plastic. A relatively inexpensive material that is easy to process and can take on any colour and shape — including translucent and transparent shades, as well as complex objects (for example, garden sculptures — see "Style"). In addition, the advantages of plastic are low weight and insensitivity to moisture. On the other hand, this material is less durable than metal, scratches easily, is not very resistant to ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes and weather disasters in general, and as a result, is not very durable. Thus, plastic is relatively rare — mainly in inexpensive fixtures, many of which are more likely to be used indoors and in other simple conditions. Note that models made of this material can be an imitation of more expensive metal lamps, often of quite high quality.
— Metal. The name "metal" is quite general, it can mean different metals and their alloys, differing in appearance, weight, strength, etc. However, all metal products have a fairly high reliability and durability; theoretically, this material can be sensitive to corrosion, but in fact this moment is compensated either by water-resistant alloys or by the use of special coatings. Metal housings are used everywhere, but they are most popular, perhaps, in classic style lamps (see above).
— Aluminium. Cases made of aluminium (more precisely, from aluminium alloys) are distinguished from all other metal pr...oducts due to a number of specific features. In particular, this material combines lightness with high strength and absolute resistance to corrosion. In addition, due to its characteristic appearance, it is well suited for high-tech cases (see above), although this, of course, is not limited to this. Among the disadvantages of aluminium, one can note a rather high cost compared to most other metals used in lamps.
— Glass. The glass body gives the lamp a very original appearance; in addition, by appropriately selecting the transparency, colour and shape of the glass, you can achieve various lighting effects. Actually, most of these models are specifically designed and are used not only as lamps, but also as a characteristic detail of a rich interior. Accordingly, such solutions are not cheap. Note that glass is considered to be a rather fragile material, but in this case it is often different: many glass lamps are designed to be built into the floor (see "Installation") and are made of special high-strength glass that can withstand very solid loads.