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SD(from Secure Digital). One of the most common modern memory card standards, widely used in photo and video equipment, laptops, tablets, etc. The media has a size of 32x24x2.1 mm. A design feature is mechanical write protection in the form of a slider (however, its correct operation depends on the functions of the card reader, and not on the card itself). Support password protection and DRM technology. To date, there are three generations of cards of this standard: the original SD (up to 4 GB), SD HC (up to 32 GB) and SD XC (theoretically — up to 2 TB). Their physical size is identical, and the card readers support earlier generations, except for the main one. So, the device under SD HC will “understand” the original SD, and the reader under SD XC reads all three generations. At the same time, a "later" card will not be able to be read correctly by an "earlier" card reader.
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miniSD. Smaller version of SD cards (see above). It is identical to them in almost everything, except for the size (22x20x1.4) and write protection, due to which it can also be read in SD-card readers when using a special adapter.
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microSD. Another smaller version of the SD standard, 15x11x1 mm in size. Almost completely identical to the original, except for the dimensions and write protection. Due to its compactness, it has become widespread in portable technology, especially mo
...bile phones. It can also be used in SD card readers when using an adapter, and in some models even without it. — CompactFlash. This standard appeared one of the first and has survived to this day in a slightly modified form due to its good capacity (up to 512 GB) and high write speed — which is especially important in professional digital photography and video filming, where these cards are still quite widely used. The disadvantage is significant dimensions: 42x36 mm with a thickness of 5 mm (CompactFlash Type I) or 3.3 mm (CompactFlash Type II). The compatibility of both types in fact is directly related to the size: the Type II card simply won't fit in the Type I reader, but vice versa is quite possible. In addition, Type I and Type II differ in speed.
— XQD. A format developed by the CompactFlash Association as a potential replacement for CompactFlash and intended for devices with high requirements for read and write speeds. Actually, the data exchange speed, depending on the version, can reach 1 GB / s in the original XQD and 2 GB / s in cards supporting the CFexpress standard, with the prospect of further increase to 8 GB / s and even higher. At the same time, the cards themselves turned out to be smaller than СompactFlash, although they are still quite large — 39 x 30 mm with a thickness of 3.8 mm.
— MemoryStick. Sony's proprietary memory card format is used primarily in its devices, such as camcorders and handheld consoles. Such cards have a size of 50x21.5x2.8 mm (original version) or 31x20x1.6 (various Duo modifications), and the volume can reach 32 GB. Although cards are produced not only by Sony, the standard is officially closed, and therefore only cards of the original production can be guaranteed to comply with it.
— Memory Stick Micro (M2). A smaller version of Memory Stick cards (see above), have dimensions of 15x12.5x1.2 mm and a capacity of up to 32 GB. Compatible with readers for original Memory Stick using special adapters.
— xD-Picture. A specialized format jointly developed by Olympus and Fujifilm for their own digital cameras. They are distinguished by the absence of their own memory controller, which, on the one hand, ensures compactness and reliability, on the other hand, reduces performance. In addition, according to Olympus, using this card allows you to work with some of the camera's own effects. The theoretical volume of such cards is up to 8 GB. Another disadvantage is their high price. Due to this, xD-Picture is used quite rarely, and even manufacturers themselves transfer their products to other standards.
— MMC. Universal memory cards, similar in size to SD — up to the point that they are compatible with SD readers, and on some modern devices (cameras, camcorders, laptops ...) "SD / MMC" is directly indicated. At the same time, SD cards simply won't fit in MMC card readers. MMCs have low power consumption, but are expensive and not very fast in operation. Their maximum volume is 4 GB.
— MMC micro. A smaller version of MMC standard cards (see above) — they have dimensions of 12x14x1.1 mm, otherwise they are almost identical.
— cfexpress. Incredibly fast high-capacity drives with an eye for long continuous recording in intensive mode. They are the best suited for shooting video in 4K resolution and higher with a frame rate of 120 fps. So far, they are not so common in photo and video equipment. There are two types of CFexpress drives: Type A with dimensions of 20x28x2.8 mm and Type B with dimensions of 38.5x29.8x3.8 mm.
— SIM cards. Ability to use a card reader to work with SIM-cards used in mobile phones. In modern mobile phones, the SIM card is responsible not only for the number on the network — it can store a lot of different information, such as contacts, messages, settings profiles, etc.; as a result, the loss of a SIM due to loss or theft can turn into serious difficulties. The SIM card reader is designed primarily for such situations: with its help, you can save a backup copy of the data from the SIM card on a computer or external media, and later, if necessary, restore them without any problems.The main material used for the body of the device.
— Plastic. Plastic is light, cheap, quite practical, incl. has good strength properties. In addition, it allows you to create cases of complex shape and almost any color.
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Metal. As a rule, aluminium-based alloys are used for metal cases. Such cases are much stronger than plastic ones, and also have a stylish appearance. On the other hand, in terms of impact protection, this material has no advantages over plastic, but it costs more, and it can weigh much more.
