Comparison Klipsch SPL-120 vs SVS SB-1000

— Closed type. The simplest type of construction: a closed (sometimes hermetically sealed) case with a speaker placed on the front panel. It is believed that such subwoofers have low sensitivity, which, however, is offset by high sound transmission accuracy and low distortion.

— Phase inverter type. In the cases of such subwoofers, a tube is installed that has an outlet to the surrounding space. The length of the tube is chosen so that a signal comes out of it, inverted in phase relative to the signal from the front of the cone (in other words, from the main speaker). This improves the sound of the subwoofer and enhances the sound pressure. The disadvantage of a phase inverter is the additional noise from the sound stream in the tube.

— With a passive radiator. A design similar to a phase inverter (see above) in terms of purpose and principle of operation, however, instead of a tube, such subwoofers use the so-called passive emitter. In fact, it is an ordinary speaker, devoid of a coil and a magnet and playing the same role as the phase inverter tube. The use of a passive radiator allows you to get rid of the noise of the air flow, characteristic of phase inverters.

— Behind. It is recommended to install subwoofers with a rear bass reflex so that the back of the case, where the bass reflex is located, is away from the wall. If you put such a subwoofer right next to the wall, then the sound quality will be noticeably reduced. Bass reflex subwoofers on the back of the cabinet are usually placed in the centre of the room. If it is not possible to put acoustics in the centre, then they try to place this type of subwoofers away from the wall that the bass reflex is looking at.

— Front. Front-facing bass reflex subwoofers are good if the acoustics need to deeply reveal the image of low-frequency sound. Acoustics of this type are recommended for music in which there is a lot of bass. The front location of the phase inverter allows you to put the subwoofer almost close to the wall.

— From below. Bass reflex subwoofers are designed to be hung at a height. In this case, there will be no interference in the path of low-frequency sound, that is, the bass will be revealed as fully as possible. If it is not possible to hang such a subwoofer, then it is permissible to put the acoustics on a high stand. But the stand should not overlap the phase inverter.

— Sideways. Subwoofers with a side bass reflex can be placed close to the wall and in the corner, but if the corner wall does...not block the bass reflex. The lateral location of the phase inverter allows acoustics to focus on mid-frequency and high-frequency sound. The low frequency sound will become moderate. This is the optimal acoustic scheme for watching movies.

The highest sound pressure level that a subwoofer can create, in other words, the volume that it produces at its maximum power level. This parameter is measured in the same way as any noise level - in decibels; since the decibel is a non-linear quantity, it is easiest to evaluate loudness using comparative tables. So, the most modest modern subwoofers are capable of delivering up to 95 – 100 dB, this is comparable to the volume of a subway car or a chainsaw. In the most powerful ones, it can exceed 130 dB - this is louder than an airplane on takeoff, a long stay near a subwoofer operating at full power can lead to hearing damage.

Note that sound pressure and sensitivity (see above) are fundamentally different characteristics, although they are measured by the same units.

The range of audio frequencies reproduced by the subwoofer. As a general rule, the wider the frequency range, the richer the sound and the more detail the speaker can convey. However, it is worth remembering that subwoofers as a class are designed for low and ultra-low frequencies in the range from 20 to 150 (sometimes 200) Hz. Therefore, in fact, a significant difference in sound is noticeable only with a large difference in the reproducible ranges (for example, 20-200 Hz and 50-150 Hz).

Also, do not forget that an extensive frequency range is not yet a guarantee of high-quality sound; and in some cases (for example, if the main speakers of the speaker also cope well with low frequencies), it may be completely redundant.

Cutoff frequency of the crossover installed in the subwoofer (or supplied with it — for passive models, see "Type").

The crossover splits the audio signal into separate frequencies so that only the bass goes to the subwoofer and only the main range goes to the speakers. Such a device is mainly equipped with home models (see above). And the crossover frequency is the upper threshold of the frequencies fed to the subwoofer. This information is important for matching with the rest of the speakers: ideally, the lower threshold of the main acoustics should correspond to the upper threshold of the subwoofer, otherwise the frequencies will either overlap or dip in them (neither of which contributes to sound quality). For the convenience of matching, the crossover can be made adjustable (see above).

Types and number of inputs provided in the design of the subwoofer. There can be several audio inputs of the same type — this is usually provided for signal switching (for example, to transmit sound to the rest of the acoustics through the built-in subwoofer crossover).

— RCA (LFE). Dedicated input for connecting a low-frequency audio signal from a preamplifier; in fact, LFE means "low-frequency effects", and RCA is a type of connector (colloquially referred to as "tulip"). It is desirable to connect a signal to such an input from a specialized output “to a subwoofer” or from an external crossover. Note that the LFE input can be provided even in a subwoofer equipped with its own frequency filter: external crossovers often turn out to be of better quality than built-in ones. Most models with this output are domestic (see "Intended use").

— RCA (linear). Input used to connect the audio signal from the preamplifier. At the same time, unlike the LFE described above, we are talking about all audio frequencies, and not just about bass. The presence of such a connector, usually, indicates the presence of a built-in crossover; also line inputs can be used for audio signal switching, including without processing it (if there are appropriate outputs, see below). Note that in analogue RCA, one connector is needed for each audio channel, so the specific number of connectors may be different; howev...er, most often there are two of them — for a stereo signal.

— Jack (6.35 mm). Socket for 6.35 mm Jack. This interface is used to connect to both a preamplifier and a power amplifier; it is especially popular in professional studio equipment, although it is also found in other types of audio equipment, including home and concert. The 6.35 mm Jack provides good connection quality, connects and disconnects quickly (although the lack of a lock slightly reduces reliability), and can also be used for balanced audio (see "Balanced XLR" below), although support for this feature in each individual case should be clarified separately. at the same time, there are combo connectors that allow you to connect one of the plugs — Jack (6.35 mm) or XLR.

— Balanced XLR. Distinctive round 3-pin locking connector used for balanced analogue audio preamp connection. The peculiarity of this connection is that, due to the specific method of signal transmission, the cable itself plays the role of an interference suppressor, which allows the use of rather long wires without compromising the purity of the sound. Because of this, as well as the reliability of the connection, XLR has become very popular in high-end audio equipment, including studio and live equipment. One connector of this type is responsible for one channel of sound, therefore, in subwoofers with support for stereo signal switching, the XLR input can consist of 2 connectors; this may be specified in the specifications.

— Balanced digital ( AES/EBU). Professional interface for digital audio transmission. It uses the same connector and cable as the balanced XLR described above, but differs in signal type (besides, all channels are transmitted via one connector with this connection). At the same time, AES/EBU has all the advantages of a balanced connection, including high noise immunity even with long cable lengths. To reproduce such an audio signal on the subwoofer itself, it is necessary that the latter has not only an amplifier, but also its own DAC, which greatly complicates and increases the cost of the design. In addition, AES/EBU outputs are found mainly in high-end professional audio equipment. Thus, subwoofers with such an input are extremely rare, mainly among advanced models for studio and concert purposes. And even in such models, only the switching of a digital signal to a similar output can be provided, and not its reproduction.

— Speakon. Connector used in professional audio equipment to connect to a power amplifier. Its specific features are the ability to work with high currents and increased protection from human contact with live parts. This made the Speakon very popular in live gear; however, there are also home subwoofers (see "Intended use") with such inputs.

— High-level(terminals). Input for connecting a signal from a power amplifier. It is one of the most popular connection interfaces for passive subwoofers (see "Type"), however, it can also be provided in active ones — in case an external bass amplifier is available, better than the built-in one. One input provides a pair of terminals and allows you to transmit one channel of sound — this is enough when connecting a subwoofer to an external crossover. However, there can be two high-level inputs (and four terminals, respectively) — this means that the audio signal can be transmitted to the rest of the audio system components through the built-in crossover.

— Trigger. Service input used to automatically turn on the subwoofer. It is enough to connect the corresponding output of another audio system component (for example, an audio receiver) to the trigger input — and each time this component is turned on, the “sub” will receive a control signal and turn on too, which will save the owner from having to “wake up” the device separately.

— RCA (linear). A standard interface for handling analogue audio from a preamplifier. In subwoofers, it is used to transmit a signal to other acoustic components, mainly in home models (see "Intended Use"), designed to build 2.1 systems. Usually, such a signal is pre-processed by a built-in crossover, which “selects” the bass frequencies for the subwoofer and outputs only the midrange and treble; however, in some models, direct switching of the audio signal is also possible, without separation into frequencies. In linear RCA, each channel of audio needs its own jack; accordingly, for the mentioned 2.1 systems, a pair of connectors is usually provided for one output.

— RCA (LFE). The LFE interface is designed to work with a low frequency signal (bass). The presence of such a connector is useful, first of all, if you need to use a second subwoofer — not all players, receivers and other signal sources have enough of their own outputs for this, and it’s closer to pull the wire to the first “subwoofer”. Note that the second subwoofer must be active, otherwise it will require an additional amplifier.

— Jack (6.35 mm). Socket for 6.35 mm Jack. This connector is mainly used in professional audio equipment, it can be used both for a linear signal and for a signal from a power amplifier. The output is intended for switching such a signal to other acoustic compon...ents. The 6.35 mm jack provides good connection quality, connects and disconnects quickly (although the lack of a lock slightly reduces reliability), and can also be used for balanced audio (see "Balanced XLR" below), although support for this function in each individual case should be clarified separately.

— Balanced XLR. Characteristic round plug with 3 pins and lock. It is similar in purpose to the RCA line output described above (including the “1 channel per plug” principle), except that XLR is used mainly in professional audio equipment, and the connection is made in the so-called balanced format. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that due to the specific method of signal transmission, the cable itself plays the role of an interference suppressor, which allows the use of rather long wires without compromising the purity of the sound. Because of this, as well as the reliability of the connection, the XLR has become very popular in high-end equipment, including studio and live.

— Speakon. Professional connector designed to work with a signal from a power amplifier. Specially designed for high power sound, based on the reliability of the connection and the maximum protection of people from touching the contacts, and is used mainly in concert technology. Like any audio output, Speakon is used for signal switching (including connecting a passive speaker to a subwoofer amplifier, see above), while some subwoofer models may have built-in crossover processing.

— High-level (terminals). Interface for working with a signal from a power amplifier, normally used in home acoustics. The high-level output is often paired with a corresponding input and used to route an external audio signal from a power amplifier; while the sound is usually processed by the built-in crossover. There are also active subwoofers that can play the role of an external amplifier for passive acoustics and supply the terminals with an audio signal received from the line input and “swung up” to the desired power; see "Connecting a Passive Speaker" for details.

- MDF. Medium-density fiberboard is one of the most popular materials for modern speaker cabinets, including subwoofers. This is due, on the one hand, to the relatively low cost and neat appearance, and on the other hand, to excellent acoustic characteristics. MDF cases are found in “subs” for all purposes and price categories.

- Tree. Natural wood is well suited for low-frequency acoustic enclosures; its performance characteristics are comparable to MDF described above. At the same time, this material is considered more “natural” and has its own beautiful surface pattern, but is noticeably more expensive. Therefore, although wooden cases are common, they are not as widespread as MDF.

- Plastic. The main advantage of plastic is its low cost, but it is very difficult to create a body with the necessary acoustic characteristics from this material. Therefore, plastic subwoofers are extremely rare, mostly built-in models.

- Metal. In this case, we mean various alloys and aluminium models. The metal is highly durable, but the acoustic characteristics are far from optimal. This requires the use of various tricks, which respectively affect the price of a metal subwoofer. Therefore, this option is quite rare.