Number of nozzles
The number of working nozzles that are standardly supplied with the device. Nowadays, options are quite common with both
one and
two or three nozzles in the kit; and in the most extensive sets, this number can be
four or five or even
more.
In many sets, several nozzles may have different purposes. For instance, an irrigator, in addition to its standard nozzle, might include orthodontic and periodontal nozzles. However, it's important to note that models with the same number of accessories in the kit can have different specific specializations. So, when making a choice, it's wise to consider not just the quantity but also the types of nozzles available. Additionally, there's an option where several identical interchangeable heads come with one handle. This configuration is particularly common in toothbrushes. It enables multiple individuals, such as family members, to use a single device, and such a set is usually more cost-effective than purchasing individual toothbrushes for each person.
Power / intensity modes
The number of power modes provided in the device. For flossing systems (see "Type"), this paragraph takes into account the characteristics of the irrigator; data on the toothbrush (if they differ) are indicated in the note.
It's important to distinguish between the number of power settings and the number of operating modes, as these are distinct parameters. Refer to the "Operating modes" section for details on the various modes. In this context, we emphasize that
power adjustment, if available, may not be accessible in all modes. For example, in an irrigator offering two modes of operation—continuous jet and pulsation—power adjustment might only be available in the continuous jet mode.
Having multiple power settings enhances the versatility of the device. Even if a device technically offers only one operating mode, the ability to adjust the intensity of the treatment allows users to tailor the device for various tasks. For instance, in many toothbrushes, the traditional 2D brushing mode at its lowest power setting effectively serves as a gentle treatment option. However, it's worth noting that the capability to adjust power levels can somewhat increase the device's cost.
Toothbrush operating modes
The number of brush modes provided by the device. The presence of
several modes allows using the device for different procedures (for example, daily cleaning, delicate cleaning, whitening, etc.). Each such program has its own features of the working nozzle, as well as its own timer settings. The downside of such multifunctionality is the increased cost. In any case, this feature significantly expands the capabilities of the device; however, the specific set of modes may be different - it would not hurt to clarify it separately.
In this case, the mode means the general format of operation. For more information on the different formats, see "Modes" below. Note that this parameter should not be confused with the number of power settings. The latter is specified separately - see "Power modes", and in general, these characteristics are practically independent of each other. For example, a brush with one mode of operation can have several power settings. And vice versa, there may be only one power level, but several formats of operation.
Modes
Operating modes supported by the device.
Toothbrushes have the greatest variety of modes these days. In addition to the traditional (so-called "2D") daily cleaning, they can feature
a 3D mode,
delicate and
deep cleaning programs,
polishing,
whitening,
gum massage, and
tongue cleaning. Irrigators, in turn, in addition to the standard format of operation with a continuous stream of water, most often provide
a pulsation and/or spray mode.
Here is a detailed description of the most popular options found in brushes:
— Daily cleaning (2D). The operating mode is closest to traditional (manual) toothbrushes. In this mode, the bristles of the brush move in one plane; the trajectory of movement may vary, depending on the cleaning technology (see below). The intensity of action in this case is usually medium/high, so this operating format is intended mainly for relatively healthy and not too sensitive teeth. The recommended daily cleaning time is 2 minutes, 30 seconds for each quadrant of the oral cavity; the corresponding settings are usually provided in the timer (if available - see below). In general, 2D cleaning is somewhat less effective than 3D (see below), but this option can b
...e provided even in the most inexpensive toothbrushes.
— Daily cleaning (3D). A function found in brushes with reciprocating-rotating and reciprocating-sweeping technology. In such models, in addition to the main cleaning technology, the bristles pulsate up and down (more precisely, into the head and back). Thanks to this, cleaning is carried out in three planes at once, which significantly improves efficiency compared to the 2D cleaning described above: the bristles not only treat the outer surface of the teeth, but also to a certain extent capture the sides and interdental space (although such cleaning is not a full-fledged replacement for the use of dental floss). The disadvantage of this function is traditional - relatively high cost.
— Gentle cleaning. A gentle cleaning program used mainly for sensitive teeth and gums prone to bleeding. In toothbrushes with reciprocating-rotating and reciprocating-sweeping cleaning technology (see below), the gentle mode most often provides for a reduced rotation/oscillation speed of the nozzle; in sonic and ultrasonic models, gentle cleaning can be ensured by reducing the amplitude of oscillations. In any case, this mode maximally eliminates discomfort during brushing and the likelihood of gum damage - even when using standard nozzles; and for the most gentle effect, it is best to use this function with a nozzle for sensitive teeth.
— Deep cleaning. Most often, this name refers to cleaning with standard intensity, but with an increased duration — for example, 3 minutes instead of the usual 2 minutes (45 seconds for each quadrant of the mouth instead of the traditional 30 seconds). This mode allows you to clean your teeth as effectively as possible and remove dirt for which regular daily cleaning is not enough.
— Polishing. A mode for treating relatively clean teeth that do not require full-scale cleaning. As a rule, polishing is performed at a reduced frequency of oscillations (rotations) and takes significantly less time than conventional treatment (for example, 1 minute instead of the traditional 2 minutes).
— Whitening. A special mode for whitening tooth enamel and removing various stains, primarily from the front teeth. It can be an extended version of the regular cleaning mode: for example, when turned on for whitening, the brush works in the regular format for 2 minutes, and then for 30 seconds in the high-intensity mode. These nuances should be clarified separately; it also does not hurt to clarify the contraindications for using this mode (especially with sensitive teeth and/or gum problems).
— Gum massage. Gum treatment can be provided as a completely separate program, or as an addition to the usual cleaning mode. This function provides not only effective cleaning, but also strengthening of the gums — it can be useful for treating inflammation and bleeding, although in such cases you should first consult a doctor.
When using irrigators, the gum massage effect is achieved by delivering a pulsating jet of variable intensity or by spraying a water-air mixture (a cloud of small droplets). For more information on these modes, see below.
— Tongue cleaning. A separate mode for cleaning the tongue. Many people find that cleaning their tongue with an electric toothbrush causes a tickling sensation that is difficult to tolerate for a long time. In light of this, this mode usually provides for a short duration of continuous treatment — about 20 seconds; if necessary, such “sessions” can be carried out several times. It is also worth mentioning that the presence of a tongue cleaning mode in itself does not mean that the kit includes a special attachment for such cleaning (see “Attachments”), although most often such a device is included in the kit.
It should be noted that in some toothbrushes, the mode change is carried out using “smart” attachments: when such an attachment is installed, the device recognizes it by the built-in chip and automatically switches to the appropriate program.
In turn, in irrigators the features of the main modes are as follows:
— Pulse. The pulse mode of the irrigator means the supply of cleaning fluid in the form of a pulsating stream. Such a flow effectively removes plaque and food debris, helps to thoroughly clean the space between the teeth, under the braces and periodontal canals (especially in hard-to-reach places).
— Jet (single-stream). Classic, most popular format of work: permanent jet with permanent pressure. Provides sufficient efficiency for most tasks for which irrigators are used, while being extremely easy to implement and can be provided even in the most inexpensive models.
— Pulsating. Water supply with variable pressure. This mode is especially effective for removing dirt from the interdental space, under braces and in other hard-to-reach places.
— Spray (atomizer). In this mode, a mixture of water and air is supplied through the nozzle, due to which, instead of a regular stream, a cloud of small drops flying at high speed is obtained at the outlet. This mode is great for gum massage and general cleaning of the oral cavity.Auto frequency control
The presence
of an automatic frequency control in a toothbrush (sold separately or included in the delivery of the dental centre — see "Type").
This feature is exclusively present in sonic and ultrasonic toothbrush models, as mentioned in the "Cleaning Technology" section. The fundamental idea behind it is that the toothbrush automatically adjusts its oscillation frequency based on the selected mode. However, the specific implementation can vary. Some models operate only at predetermined frequency settings, while others offer manual adjustment of this parameter. There are also different control methods, such as the use of "smart" nozzles that trigger the corresponding mode automatically when attached. Regardless of the approach, automatic frequency control simplifies the user's experience by eliminating the need for unnecessary adjustments.
Max. operating time
This refers to the maximum duration a device can run continuously when powered by a fully charged battery or fresh batteries. It's worth noting that this metric may also apply to models designed for mains power, such as flossing systems that include rechargeable toothbrushes, in which case we're referring to the battery life of these toothbrushes.
It's important to note that device specifications typically indicate the maximum runtime under ideal conditions, often in the most energy-efficient mode of operation (and for models with replaceable batteries, using high-quality batteries). The actual battery life can vary depending on specific usage conditions. However, this parameter still serves as a valuable basis for comparing different models. Generally, differences in the claimed operating time correspond proportionally to the real differences in battery life. For example, if one toothbrush has a stated operating time of 20 minutes and another boasts 40 minutes, in practice, their battery life (under similar conditions) will likely differ by approximately two times.
It's important to consider that, for toothbrushes, this parameter can help estimate the number of brushing sessions you can expect on a single charge. Typically, the recommended daily brushing duration is 2 minutes. So, if a toothbrush has an operating time of 30 minutes, it's sufficient for approximately 15 cleaning sessions (or more realistically, around 14 or 13).
Full charge time
The time required to charge the battery from zero to 100% in a device with the appropriate power type (see above). This parameter can vary from 1 – 3 hours in relatively simple and low-power devices to a day in advanced models with capacious batteries. At the same time, the longer
the maximum operating time on a charge (see above), the longer, usually, the time required for charging, although there is no hard dependence here.
In general,
having fast charging capabilities improves the convenience of a device by reducing interruptions in its operation. However, there is a trade-off to consider: fast charging often means either a smaller battery capacity or a higher price due to the use of specialized technologies to speed up the charging process. When evaluating this parameter, it's essential to think about how you intend to use the device. For instance, if a toothbrush or irrigator is solely used at home by one person and comes with a charging stand, fast charging may not be a critical factor. The device remains consistently charged as it's constantly on the charger, and its battery doesn't deplete significantly during one use. The time between sessions, usually around 8 to 12 hours, is more than enough to maintain a charged battery, even for devices with slower charging. However, if you plan to use the device while traveling, where access to power outlets is sporadic, it's preferable to have minima
...l charging time to ensure you can recharge quickly during your trips.USB charging
The ability to charge the battery in the device from a standard USB port.
Refer to the "Type of power" section for battery details.
Charging via USB offers several advantages over traditional mains charging. The primary benefit is the widespread availability of USB ports in computers, laptops, tablets, and various electronic devices. USB connectors are standard outputs in portable power banks, and USB adapters can convert 230V socket and car cigarette lighter socket outputs. This power source allows you to charge your toothbrush or irrigator not only from mains power but also from various other sources, even when sockets are unavailable, such as from a laptop or a power bank. This is particularly convenient during travel.
Another notable aspect of this charging method is that it often eliminates the need for a dedicated charger. All you need is a basic cable to connect the toothbrush or irrigator to a USB port. Typically, such a cable is included with the device, and the device itself features a standard microUSB port for power connection. This flexibility allows you to use alternative cables if needed, which are compatible with the plug type, making it more convenient and adaptable.
However, it's important to mention that these standard sockets on the device are not well-suited for use with charging stands, as discussed in the "Additionally in the kit" section. Consequently, some toothbrushes and irrigators
...that use USB charging may not include charging stands at all, while others employ a unique design. In these cases, a dedicated socket for the charging stand is integrated into the device, and USB charging becomes accessible when the device is placed within a travel case, which also serves as a transitional component.