Max. temperature
The highest temperature to which the soldering iron can heat the material being processed. This temperature should be high enough to melt the solder or other workpiece material (such as polypropylene in soldered pipes), but not too high so as not to overheat the joint. Therefore, the choice for this indicator depends on the features of the planned work.
Note that in most household soldering irons for 20 – 60 W, the maximum temperature varies between 300 – 400 °C — this is enough to work with most solders used in radio engineering. In more powerful contact models, as well as soldering stations (see "Type"), there are indicators of the order of 700 – 800 °C — this allows you to work without problems with refractory solders, the melting point of which starts from 450 °C. For models designed for plastic pipes, the standard indicator is 300 °C — it is this temperature (or slightly lower, about 280 °C) that is considered optimal for soldering polypropylene. And the highest temperatures — 1300 °C and more — are able to provide gas soldering irons (see "Power")
Functions
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Two power levels. Soldering irons capable of operating at two power settings — reduced and full. Features of such work depend on the type of soldering iron. For example, in contact models of medium power (up to 60 W), the standard mode is usually full power, while reduced power is used for individual delicate work. But in soldering irons for plastic pipes, which have high power, most of the work is carried out at a low intensity, while the “full” tool is turned on only when working with large diameters. For a number of reasons, it makes no sense to use more than two power levels in soldering irons — in particular, it is easier to fine-tune the operating mode by adjusting the temperature.
In box
- The number of nozzles. The total number of working attachments supplied with the tool. The abundance of nozzles allows you to use the soldering iron for various types of work. At the same time, the more nozzles in the kit, the more noticeable this parameter affects the cost of the kit. When choosing, you need to proceed from how important the variety of possibilities is - so as not to overpay for extra attachments that turned out to be useless in practice.
- Nozzle diameter. It is customary to indicate the working diameter of complete nozzles for soldering irons of plastic pipes. This parameter corresponds to the diameter of the pipes. For the installation of domestic heating and water supply systems, nozzles with a diameter of 16, 20 and 25 mm are usually used, for risers - 32, 40 or 50 mm, for heating systems without forced circulation of the coolant - 63 or 75 mm, for sewerage and the construction of industrial highways - 90, 110 or 125 mm.
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Stand. Traditionally, they are made of heat-resistant materials - so that they can safely hold a heated soldering iron. You can also assemble a similar design yourself (or adapt some more or less suitable object under the stand); however, regular coasters are usually more convenient and safer than improvised ones.
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Pipe cutter. As the name suggests, a pipe cutter is a tool for cutting plastic pipes and other similar parts. Accord
...ingly, only soldering irons designed for plastic pipes are equipped with such a tool. A pipe cutter can be purchased separately, but buying it together with a soldering iron is often more convenient, if not cheaper.
- Cap. Protective cap for the soldering iron tip or its entire heating rod. It is put on for the period of storage or transportation of the device in order to avoid damage to the working body or heater.
- Flux (rosin). The general purpose of all fluxes is to improve the efficiency of solder "setting" when soldering. Such compositions perform several functions at once: they remove oxides and slags from the surface of the parts to be joined, prevent the formation of new oxidations, promote the spreading of liquid solder and more dense wetting of parts with it.
As for rosin, this is one of the most famous and common fluxes used in hand soldering. Rosin is extracted from the resin of coniferous trees, it is quite easy to obtain, and also safe to use. This type of flux can be used in both solid and liquid form. Molten rosin removes oxide films well on the surface of most metals, but it is poorly suited for heavily contaminated surfaces.
- Solder. The main "consumable" for soldering, which is responsible for the direct connection of parts to each other. The molten solder adheres tightly to the parts, fills the gap between them and, when solidified, creates a strong connection. The composition and specialization of the solder can be different: there are solders from a low-melting alloy based on lead and / or tin for manual work with metals, from all kinds of oxides for soldering metals and non-metals, etc. Solder is available in various forms - thin wire, rods, pastes, powders, suspensions. Some formulations immediately include rosin, so working with them does not require the use of separate fluxes.
- Sponge. The presence in the delivery set of the soldering iron of a special sponge for cleaning the tip from all kinds of deposits: flux residues, solder, etc. Cellulose sponges are widely used, porous viscose sponges and metal shavings are slightly less common. However, the last option is already the item of a completely different conversation (see the “Tip Cleaner” paragraph).
- Desoldering pump. A separate device in addition to a soldering iron for removing molten solder from the legs of radio components and the surface of printed circuit boards. The desoldering pump is almost indispensable when dismantling multi-output elements, its use ensures accurate soldering due to the quick removal of excess consumables, at the same time, the tool eliminates short circuits between adjacent outputs of discrete radio components when they are heaped on the board. According to the principle of operation, most desoldering pumps resemble a standard syringe with a cylindrical body, a piston and a spring - the solder is sucked through the nozzle due to the vacuum created inside the body when the spring is charged.
- Tip cleaner. As a rule, non-abrasive brass shavings are used as a tip cleaner from solder residues, fluxes and oxides, which is suitable for most types of soldering irons. The cleaning of the working body from all kinds of deposits occurs without a significant drop in the temperature of the tip, which is what sponges do (see the corresponding paragraph).
- Screwdriver. Some sets of equipment for soldering propylene pipes are equipped with a screwdriver. The tool is provided as an auxiliary device for performing soldering work.
- Roulette. “Measure seven times, cut once” - to measure the parameters of plastic pipes being connected, advanced sets of appropriate soldering irons often include a tape measure from 2 to 5 m long. This is quite enough for most cases, while the weight and dimensions of the tape measure body remain small and allow convenient to take measurements.
- Gloves. Gloves made of heat-resistant material are used to protect the user's hands when performing work related to soldering polypropylene pipes. Other types of soldering equipment are not supplied with gloves.
- Bubble level. In the expanded configuration, separate copies of soldering irons for plastic pipes are supplied with a bubble level. This fixture is designed to check the horizontal or vertical position of pipes and other profiles.
- Battery. The presence of a battery in the delivery of battery-powered soldering irons. Eliminates the need to purchase batteries separately.
- Without battery. Battery models that do not come with a rechargeable battery. This solution is beneficial when buying a soldering iron in addition to existing devices of the same brand on a similar battery platform.
- Case (bag). The case in this case is a hard case-container designed for storing and transporting the tool. This case performs two main tasks. The first is the protection of the contents from contact with surrounding objects (in the case of soldering irons, it is primarily about protecting external objects from damage and contamination, and not the contents of the case). The second task of the cases is to keep the tool and all the accessories for it in one place. For all this, improvised cases can also be used, however regular cases are often more convenient and practical. For example, some of these containers are made of heat-resistant and heat-dissipating materials and allow even a hot soldering iron to be placed in them - this can come in handy in case of lack of time. And so that the contents do not hang around the internal volume, the case often provides “seats” for all items placed in it - cells or fasteners. Bags are a rag option for storing tools. Naturally, it is less reliable, but cheaper.
