Comparison Umarex Beretta M92 A1 vs Umarex Beretta M 92 FS XX-TREME

Muzzle velocity — that is, the speed of the bullet at the exit from the barrel — provided by the pistol / revolver. Note that for some weapons, the actual muzzle velocity may vary; for more on this, see "Type", and here we note that for such models, the characteristics usually indicate the average value for perfect conditions.

In general, the greater the speed of the bullet, the more long-range the weapon and the higher its penetrating ability. Thus, in some countries this indicator is the basis for legal restrictions on the sale of pneumatics (usually, bona fide sellers have the relevant information). And for airsoft weapons, this moment is important for safety reasons: too high a ball speed increases the likelihood of injury. However, airsoft guns usually give out less than 100 m / s. By the standards of classical pneumatics, this is very little: most short-barreled pneumatics fall in the range of 100 – 125 m / s, in some models the initial speed can reach 125 – 150 m / s and even more.

In "flobers" speeds are higher: an indicator up to 175 m / s is considered relatively low, up to 200 m / s — average, and some long-barreled models give out more than 200 m / s. However, note that we are talking about the speeds claim...ed by the manufacturer, while the actual performance will greatly depend on the characteristics of the cartridge (load, composition, build quality). Therefore, the actual initial speeds in such weapons may differ markedly from those claimed.

The type of ammunition that the pistol/revolver is designed for.

Pneumatics can use balls or lead bullets, and some models are compatible with both varieties at once. In weapons chambered for Flaubert and a blank cartridge, the type of ammunition is already obvious from the name. Here is a more detailed description of each option:

— Balloons. Ordinary round balls; for traditional 4.5 mm pneumatics they are made of metal, for airsoft guns of 6 mm caliber they are made of plastic (although other materials are occasionally found). Actually, the airsoft "weapon" by definition uses only balls, it is not made for other types of charges. As for classical pneumatics, here the main advantage of this option can be called a low cost — balls are somewhere much cheaper than lead bullets. In addition, they have good penetrating power, and magazines and reloading systems for balls are extremely simple. On the other hand, such ammunition is less suitable for accurate long-range shooting. Firstly, balls are inferior to bullets in terms of ballistic characteristics; secondly, they are usually made of hard steel and are practically unsuitable for working with rifled barrels. On the other hand, for recreational shooting and simple training at a relatively short range, these points are not critical; so it is this type of ammunition that is most common in modern air pistols.

— Lead bullets. A bu...llet in this case is called a projectile of a directional shape, with a clearly defined front and rear. The specific form of such projectiles may be different, but they all have a number of common features. So, any bullet at the same initial speed flies further and hits more accurately than a ball. And the material is usually lead or another soft metal, which provides a number of advantages. Firstly, bullets work great with rifled barrels: the edges of the bullet clearly fit into the grooves on the inner surface (many bullets are even able to expand slightly at the time of the shot, for the tightest possible fit in the barrel), the projectile is effectively untwisted and stabilized, while the rifling is worn minimal. Secondly, bullets flatten out when they hit a more or less hard surface — this minimizes the risk of ricochets. At the same time, bullets are more expensive than balls, and in multi-shot models, they require a more complex design of magazines and reloading mechanisms. As a result, this type of ammunition is relatively rare in short-barreled pneumatics — mainly in professional long-range pistols, as well as in models where this is due to design features (in particular, bullets are better suited for spring-piston “breaks”).

— Balls / lead bullets. The ability to use both types of ammunition described above at once, to choose from. Note that such versatility can be implemented in different ways: some pistols / revolvers are indeed universal in terms of the type of ammunition (unless each variety needs its own magazine), others are produced in two separate versions — for bullets and for balls. This point should be clarified separately before buying. It is also worth considering that in "omnivorous" weapons with a rifled barrel, it is better to use bullets if possible, and balls should be considered as a fallback. This is due to the fact that the balls are poorly compatible with such weapons; see "Barrel" for details.

— Flaubert's cartridge. Small-caliber (4 mm) cartridge, which is actually a primer with a bullet, without a powder sample (or with a very small amount of gunpowder — in the form of a few grains). In fact, it is a firearm, however, in terms of ballistic characteristics, a weapon chambered in Flaubert is comparable to pneumatics, due to which in many countries it is officially equated to pneumatic and sold without special permits (however, this point needs to be specified separately). Note that the vast majority of weapons chambered for this cartridge are revolvers; pistols are rare and have a specific design (for more details, see "Form Factor").

— Blank cartridge. A cartridge with a case, a primer and a powder charge, similar in design to a full-fledged firearm, except that it does not contain a bullet. Instead, the case mouth is crimped in the form of an "asterisk" or covered with a plug made of an easily destructible material like plastic. Note that such cartridges can be used not only in specialized “weapons” (see “Type”), but also in most traumatic and combat pistols of the corresponding caliber; however, blank pistols usually do not require special permits, and anyone can practice basic skills with them (including working with recoil and reaction to a shot).

The capacity of the magazine provided with the pistol, or the drum installed in the revolver (see "Form factor"). For obvious reasons, it is indicated only for multiply charged models (see "Charging capacity").

Repeatingly charged air pistols / revolvers are conditionally divided into models with magazines up to 15 charges and more than 15 charges. The largest capacity here is airsoft AEGs (see "Type"), copying submachine guns — they are not uncommon in stores for 50 balls or more, and as additional accessories for many models, so-called "bunkers" are produced, where the number there are already hundreds of charges. As for traditional pneumatics, it is worth noting that if the pistol is designed for bullets and balls at the same time (see "Type of ammunition"), then the capacity when using different types of charge may vary — usually, it is higher for balls in such cases, and this figure and indicated in the characteristics as the main one.

As for the weapon chambered for Flaubert, in it the “classic of the genre” is a revolver with a drum for 9, less often for 8 rounds. A greater number of charges is not found — for this the drum would have to be made too bulky; a smaller number — about 5 – 6 rounds — can be found in individual revolvers, as well as models in the form factor of a pistol, where the dimensions of the case do not allow you to install a larger drum. In turn, pistols chamb...ered for blank cartridges usually more or less correspond in terms of magazine capacity to the firearm models from which they are copied; here you can find models that can hold from 5 to 30 charges.

The type of sighting device provided in the design of the pistol / revolver.

The vast majority of short-barreled pneumatics, "floberts" and starting pistols are equipped with the simplest mechanical sights in the form of a front sight and a rear sight. In pneumatic weapons, models with adjustable and non-adjustable sights are approximately equal; in Flaubert's revolvers, the possibility of adjustment is somewhat less common than non-adjustable front and rear sights ; and in models for a blank cartridge, in principle, it makes no sense to provide adjustment. There are pistols / revolvers without sights at all.

Here are the general features of different types of scope:

— Unregulated. Front sight and rear sight, fixed motionless and without any additional settings. The advantages of this design are simplicity, low cost and reliability; in addition, such a sight is almost impossible to shoot down due to an accidental impact of the front sight or rear sight on a foreign object. The main disadvantage is the actual impossibility of adjustment, which does not allow adjusting the sights for a change in distance, side wind or deviations due to production errors. On the other hand, for recreational shooting at short distances, these moments are not decisive, and serious factory defects are extremely rare in fact. So i...f maximum accuracy is not critical for you, a non-adjustable sight may be enough.

— Adjustable. Sights with the ability to adjust; however, the specific possibilities of such adjustment may be different. One of the most popular options is to adjust the rear sight in height, for zeroing weapons at a specific distance. For this, a micrometer screw is usually used. Another option is a rear sight with the ability to move horizontally, it is mainly designed to compensate for errors in the design of the weapon itself, which give a lateral displacement of the point of impact. The most advanced models — mostly high-precision sports pistols — allow you to adjust the rear sight on both axes. Anyway, an adjustable sight is more complicated and more expensive than an unregulated one, it may require additional adjustment by the user himself, but with such devices you can achieve maximum shooting accuracy.
Also note that on the market you can find pneumatics equipped with optical or collimator sights; they are also adjustable.

— Is absent. The absence of their own sights is an extremely rare option, found in two varieties of pneumatic and similar weapons. The first is some spring-piston and PCP pistols (see "Type") with long barrels and high muzzle velocity, designed for high-precision shooting. They have sight mounts (see below) or slots for such mounts, allowing the shooter to choose the sights to their taste. The second variety is revolvers (mainly chambered for Flaubert) of miniature size, originally not designed for aimed shooting in the classical sense of these words.

The presence in the pistol of the Blow-back system — a mechanism that simulates the operation of automation and the recoil of a real weapon. Note that blow-back models are found only among air pistols; in weapons chambered for Flaubert (see “Type”), such systems are not applicable due to the extremely low energy of the ammunition, and for pistols chambered for a blank cartridge, the term “Blow-back” itself is not relevant — they already use full-fledged automation, the same as in firearms.

This feature enhances the resemblance of an air pistol to a real firearm: with each shot, the casing-bolt moves back and forth, creating a characteristic recoil with a barrel toss. The second important nuance is that the blow-back actuation cocks the trigger, reducing the force on the trigger — and this, in turn, makes it easier to control the weapon and contributes to increased accuracy. And in many models with such systems, a full-fledged slide lag is also provided: when the cartridges run out, the casing-bolt is fixed in the rear position, and to continue shooting, you need not only to change the store, but also remove the weapon from the delay. Many amateur shooters appreciate blow-back pistols solely for their general resemblance to combat counterparts, but this feature also has a very practical meaning: it allows you to develop useful skills in working with recoil and reloading weapons. On the other hand, note that gas is additionally cons...umed for the operation of automation; and the muzzle velocity in such pistols is lower than in similar models without blow-back.

The overall length of the weapon is usually from the muzzle to the part protruding farthest back (usually the bottom of the handle). This parameter not only allows you to evaluate the overall compactness of the pistol, but can also be useful for selecting accessories for it — for example, a holster, case or carrying bag.

The total weight of the weapon. As a rule, the "empty" weight is indicated in the characteristics, without consumables (bullets / cartridges, cartridges).

This parameter has two meanings. On the one hand, a heavy pistol / revolver is tedious to hold on weight for a long time; in addition, the increase in weight is often associated with an increase in the length of the barrel, due to which the center of gravity shifts forward - and this further increases the inconvenience. On the other hand, massiveness gives an additional resemblance to military weapons and an overall impression of solidity, and in models with blow-back (see above) it also reduces the perceived recoil. Therefore, many consider significant weight to be an advantage rather than a disadvantage.

Note that in models chambered for Flaubert and a blank cartridge, the weight more or less corresponds to military weapons of a similar model or size. In pneumatics, the dispersion can be quite large, especially since not every such pistol is copied from a combat one. It is worth noting here that PCP models are the most massive (see "Type"): due to the built-in tank, the weight of such pistols is usually 1 kg or more. Multi-compression pneumatics are a little lighter - here you can find weapons weighing up to 900 g and even up to 800 g. The maximum figure for AEGs is 900 - 1000 g..., and in the lightest models, the weight does not exceed 700 g. And among the spring-piston and gas-balloon models, almost any weight is found - from small ( less than 600 g) to significant (more than 1 kg).