Distance from the fixing point (for vertically mounted taps) or from the centre of the mounting hole (for horizontally mounted taps) to the middle of the spout. It is a characteristic that determines the "reach zone" of the tap.
Material and design features of the valve(s) responsible for opening and closing water in the faucet.
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Rubber. Material for valves in inexpensive single and double-handle faucets (see "Faucet Type"). Rubber is low-cost, easy to replace, and resistant to water with impurities (unlike ceramics). On the other hand, rubber valves have a relatively short lifespan — as they wear out, they begin to leak and need to be replaced from time to time.
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Ceramic. These valves are based on a pair of metal-ceramic plates polished for maximum contact and sealing. They can be used in both handle and lever faucets (see "Faucet Type"). This material is much more durable than rubber, and in the case of a single-lever faucet, it also makes adjustment easier, as the friction between the plates is minimal, making it much easier to move the lever than with a ball valve. The downside of ceramics is their sensitivity to water contamination with solid particles — if they get between the plates, they can compromise the valve's seal. Therefore, it is recommended to install filters before such faucets.
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Electromagnetic. A type of valve used in all contactless faucets (see "Faucet Type"), as well as some models of other designs — in particular, button and single-lever with touch. As the name suggests, an electromagnet is responsible for opening and closing the water in such mode
...ls. In most models, the valve has only two positions — "open" and "closed" — and does not allow for pressure adjustment. However, a temperature regulator may be provided — for example, in the form of a corresponding lever (see above). Electromagnetic valves are quite efficient but expensive, and they also require external power to operate.
— Ball. A type of valve originally developed for single-lever faucets (hence the tendency to call such devices "ball valves," which is technically incorrect). This valve is based on a spherical element with a special slot through which water is supplied; as the lever moves, the slot takes different positions, determining the water pressure and temperature. In household faucets, this type of valve is considered outdated and is used very rarely.
