Comparison Kaiser MIG-310 Pro vs Dnipro-M SAB-310

Among the main types of welding can be called manual arc (MMA), semi-automatic (MIG / MAG), argon-arc (TIG), spot (SPOT), spot (STUD) and plasma cutting (PLASMA) welding.

— MMA. Welding using an electric arc and a consumable electrode with a special coating. The electrode is fed and moved manually by the welder. Shielding gas supply is not provided; protection of the weld pool from air can be carried out due to the combustion of the coating deposited on the electrode. This welding technology allows the use of the simplest equipment, it is undemanding to the quality of the current and the design of the welding machine. On the other hand, the quality of the resulting weld is highly dependent on the skills of the welder, the productivity of the process is relatively low, and this technology is poorly suited for non-ferrous metals — its main purpose is the welding of steel and cast iron.

— MIG/MAG. Partially automated welding in an inert (MIG) or active (MAG) gas environment. The gas enters directly to the place of welding through the burner and, when the arc burns, forms a protective sheath that covers the weld pool from exposure to air. And the term "semi-automatic" means that filler material in the form of a thin wire is also automatically supplied to t...he place of work (but you need to move the burner manually). The choice between inert and active gas is made depending on the materials being welded — for example, the first option is usually used with non-ferrous metals, the second with steel. Such welding provides a much better quality of the seam than manual welding, and also increases the convenience and speed of work — in particular.

— TIG. Manual welding with a non-consumable electrode in an inert gas environment. With such welding, the electric arc melts only the edges of the parts to be joined, and the final seam is formed from them, without using the electrode material (in some cases, additives in the form of pieces of metal of the appropriate shape can be used). To protect the seam from exposure to air, a protective gas, usually argon, is supplied to the heating point. TIG welding is well suited for stainless steel as well as copper and aluminium alloys. It allows you to create a more accurate seam than the same MMA, and more precisely control the process. On the other hand, this technology is quite demanding on the skills of the welder, and the speed of work is relatively low.

— SPOT. Electric welding, carried out due to the point impact of high currents. It is used for connecting thin sheets of metal (mainly up to 3 mm), as well as for attaching pins and studs to a flat base. When connecting sheets of metal, two electrodes with a relatively small diameter tightly press the workpieces against one another, after which a current is passed through them with a force of the order of several kiloamperes; the metal at the point of contact is heated to the melting point, which ensures the connection. When attaching pins and studs, the role of one of the electrodes is played by the pin itself, the role of the second is played by a flat base. SPOT type welding is very popular in car manufacturing and car service: it is in this way that some elements of car bodies are connected, and it can also be useful for straightening. There are unilateral and bilateral. The first uses a single electrode, which is pressed against the workpiece with force. The main advantage of this option is the ability to work with surfaces that are accessible only from one side — for example, car doors. Actually, one of the main areas of application for one-sided SPOT welding is a car service, in particular, straightening car bodies and other car surfaces. The second welding (two-sided) involves the use of a pair of electrodes that compress the junction from both sides, like a vice. This variant is better suited for work with thick parts or where a high reliability of the connection is required — due to the compression described, it is easier to achieve the desired depth of the weld pool. On the other hand, its use requires access to both sides of the workpiece. Note that some models of welding machines are able to work according to one and the other scheme; this makes the device very versatile, but may come at a cost.

— STUD. Spot welding technology using a lifting (pulling) arc. Mainly used for flat base plus stud connections. The welding process itself takes place in the following way: the stud is pressed against the base; the current is switched on; the pin rises; an arc ignites between it and the base, which melts the surface of the base; the hairpin is lowered into the melt; the current is turned off, the metal freezes. STUD welding involves the use of mechanized welding torches with a spring or hydraulic system that raises and lowers the stud, and an inert gas or flux is used to protect the joint from atmospheric air.

– PLASMA. Cutting metal using a stream of heated plasma — a highly ionized gas. To do this, gas (inert or active) is supplied to the place of work, which, due to the influence of an electric arc, is ionized, heated and accelerated. The plasma temperature can exceed 10,000 °C, and the speed is 1,000 m/s, which makes it possible to work with almost any metals and alloys, including refractory ones. At the same time, cutting is carried out quickly, the cut is clean and neat, and the cutting depth can reach 200 mm. The main disadvantage of plasma cutting is the high cost of equipment.

The minimum actual input voltage at which the welding machine remains operational.

Such information is useful primarily for working in unstable networks, where the voltage tends to “sag” a lot, as well as from autonomous power sources (for example, generators), which can also produce voltage below the nominal one.

The maximum power consumed by the welding machine during operation, expressed in kilowatts (kW), that is, thousands of watts. In addition, the designation in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) can be used, see below for it.

The higher the power consumption, the more powerful the current the device is capable of delivering and the better it is suitable for working with thick parts. For different materials of different thicknesses, there are recommendations for current strength, they can be clarified in specialized sources. Knowing these recommendations and the open circuit voltage (see below) for the selected type of welding, it is possible to calculate the minimum required power of the welding machine using special formulas. It is also worth considering that high power creates corresponding loads on the wiring and may require connection directly to the shield.

As for the difference between watts and volt-amperes, the physical meaning of both units is the same — current times voltage. However, they represent different parameters. In volt-amperes, the total power consumption is indicated — both active (going to do work and heat individual parts) and reactive (going to losses in coils and capacitors). This value is more convenient to use to calculate the load on the power grid. In watts, only active power is recorded; according to these numbers, it is convenient to calculate the practical capabilities of the welding machine.

The voltage supplied by the welding machine to the electrodes. As the name suggests, it is measured without load — i.e. when the electrodes are disconnected and no current flows between them. This is due to the fact that at a high current strength characteristic of electric welding, the actual voltage on the electrodes drops sharply, and this does not make it possible to adequately assess the characteristics of the welding machine.

Depending on the characteristics of the machine (see "Type") and the type of work (see "Type of welding"), different open circuit voltages are used. For example, for welding transformers, this parameter is about 45 – 55 V (although there are higher voltage models), for inverters it can reach 90 V, and for semi-automatic MIG / MAG welding, voltages above 40 V are usually not required. Also, the optimal values \u200b\u200bdepend on type of electrodes used. You can find more detailed information in special sources; here we note that the higher the open-circuit voltage, the easier it is usually to strike the arc and the more stable the discharge itself.

Also note that for devices with the VRD function (see "Advanced"), this parameter indicates the standard voltage, without reduction through VRD.

The highest current that the welding machine is capable of delivering through the electrodes during operation. In general, the higher this indicator, the thicker the electrodes the device can use and the greater the thickness of the parts with which it can work. Of course, it does not always make sense to chase high currents — they are more likely to damage thin parts. However, if you have to deal with large-scale work and a large thickness of the materials to be welded, you simply cannot do without a device with the appropriate characteristics. Optimum welding currents depending on materials, type of work (see "Type of welding"), type of electrodes, etc. can be specified in special tables. As for specific values, in the most “weak” models, the maximum current does not even reach 100 A, in the most powerful ones it can exceed 225 A and even 250 A.

The minimum diameter of the welding wire that the machine can work with.

Wire electrodes are used in semi-automatic models (see "Type"), mainly for MIG/MAG welding (see "Type of welding"). The thinner the electrode, the better it is suitable for delicate work where a small thickness and width of the seam is required. Specific recommendations on the diameter of the wire for a particular task can be found in special sources.

Wire feed speed provided by the semi-automatic model (see "Type"). The higher the speed (with the same thickness) — the faster you can lead the electrode over the seam and the less time the process takes. On the other hand, too fast feed makes it difficult to work with seams of small length. Detailed information on the optimal wire feed speed can be found in special sources.

The insulation class determines the degree of resistance of the insulating materials used in a particular device to heat. To date, welding machines use materials mainly of the following classes:

B — have a resistance limit of 130 °C;
F — 155 °C;
H — 180 °C.

Note that the vast majority of modern welding machines have electronic overheating protection, which turns off the device long before reaching the insulation resistance limit. Therefore, this parameter will be relevant only in an emergency, when the built-in protection fails. Nevertheless, it fully allows you to assess the safety of using the device — the higher the insulation class, the more likely it is to notice dangerous overheating in time (for example, by a characteristic smell) and turn off the device before damage occurs.

The length of the torch cable supplied with the machine.

The term "torch" is relevant for welding such as TIG (in argon, non-consumable electrode) or MIG / MAG (partially automated welding in an inert (MIG) or active (MAG) gas) - this is what the working nozzle for such welding is called. And the longer the wire with which the burner is connected to the device, the more freedom the welder has in moving, the farther he can go without moving the device itself. On the other hand, excessively long cables create problems in storage and transportation, and often during operation (you need to look for a place where to place the excess wire). Therefore, when choosing, you should proceed from what is more important for you: the ability to move away from the device or the overall compactness. As for specific length options, they usually range from 2 to 5 meters.