Type
General device type. In addition to classic toothbrushes (including those sold in the form
of sets), nowadays you can find hygienic mouthwash devices —
irrigators — as well as multifunctional
flossing systems that combine the capabilities of a brush and an irrigator. Here are the features of each of these options:
— Toothbrush. These devices are designed for traditional toothbrushing using special bristles, essentially serving as electric versions of manual toothbrushes. While various models can differ significantly in terms of bristle movement (for more details, see "Cleaning Technology"), they share several common features. On the positive side, they are highly effective at cleaning the visible surfaces of teeth, surpassing irrigators in this regard. Some models are even capable of removing dense plaque and tartar with ease. Additionally, brushes are incredibly user-friendly and familiar to most people. However, they have limitations when it comes to cleaning the interdental spaces, even with specialized nozzles. To achieve the highest quality teeth cleaning, it's often necessary to use these devices in combination with an irrigator and/or dental floss. It's also worth noting that brushes with overly hard bristles or intense brushing can potentially damage the gums, particularly if they are already sensitive or inflamed. While the likelihood of such issues is re
...latively low, it is higher compared to using irrigators.
— Set of toothbrushes 2 pcs. A set typically consists of two electric toothbrushes, which are often identical in terms of their characteristics (though exceptions exist). For detailed information about the toothbrushes themselves, please refer to the previous sections. Such a set can be particularly convenient for couples or households, and some options even offer brushes in "male" and "female" colors, like black and pink. Purchasing this set is not only more convenient than buying the brushes separately, but it is often more cost-effective as well, especially since there is usually only one charger included for the pair of brushes.
As for sets with unequal toothbrushes, they may include, for example, models with different types of nozzles, or an adult and a children's toothbrush.
— Irrigator. Irrigators are devices that clean the teeth and oral cavity by directing a high-pressure jet of water. This procedure effectively removes debris, food particles, and massages the gums, promoting gum health and preventing various oral issues. Irrigators can access areas where regular toothbrushes may struggle, making them suitable for cleaning braces and providing intense yet safe gum massages compared to bristle-based brushing. However, irrigators may not clean the visible surfaces of teeth as effectively as toothbrushes. Therefore, it's recommended to use an irrigator after regular brushing. Brushing can tackle more persistent dirt, while the water jet can address hard-to-reach spots that bristles might miss. Nevertheless, the spaces between teeth still require dental floss for thorough cleaning.
Separately, we note that irrigators can be both portable and stationary. The second type is more bulky and not suitable for travel, but stationary devices are equipped with capacious water tanks, have an almost unlimited operating time (thanks to mains power) and, usually, are more powerful than portable solutions.
— Flossing system. lossing systems are versatile devices that combine the functions of both toothbrushes and irrigators, as discussed in previous sections. This combination is particularly convenient because toothbrushes and irrigators have slightly different purposes, and having both can be beneficial. However, flossing systems come in various designs. Some models feature a universal handle that can switch between brushing and irrigating, depending on the nozzle used. Another common configuration is a rechargeable toothbrush paired with a stationary irrigator that also serves as a stand and charger. Alternatively, some sets include two separate devices, each with its own independent power source. Specific details about the flossing system's design should be checked separately.
In general, flossing systems are quite expensive, but most often they are still cheaper than separately purchased toothbrush and irrigator with similar characteristics.Toothbrush operating modes
The number of brush modes provided by the device. The presence of
several modes allows using the device for different procedures (for example, daily cleaning, delicate cleaning, whitening, etc.). Each such program has its own features of the working nozzle, as well as its own timer settings. The downside of such multifunctionality is the increased cost. In any case, this feature significantly expands the capabilities of the device; however, the specific set of modes may be different - it would not hurt to clarify it separately.
In this case, the mode means the general format of operation. For more information on the different formats, see "Modes" below. Note that this parameter should not be confused with the number of power settings. The latter is specified separately - see "Power modes", and in general, these characteristics are practically independent of each other. For example, a brush with one mode of operation can have several power settings. And vice versa, there may be only one power level, but several formats of operation.
Modes
Operating modes supported by the device.
Toothbrushes have the greatest variety of modes these days. In addition to the traditional (so-called "2D") daily cleaning, they can feature
a 3D mode,
delicate and
deep cleaning programs,
polishing,
whitening,
gum massage, and
tongue cleaning. Irrigators, in turn, in addition to the standard format of operation with a continuous stream of water, most often provide
a pulsation and/or spray mode.
Here is a detailed description of the most popular options found in brushes:
— Daily cleaning (2D). The operating mode is closest to traditional (manual) toothbrushes. In this mode, the bristles of the brush move in one plane; the trajectory of movement may vary, depending on the cleaning technology (see below). The intensity of action in this case is usually medium/high, so this operating format is intended mainly for relatively healthy and not too sensitive teeth. The recommended daily cleaning time is 2 minutes, 30 seconds for each quadrant of the oral cavity; the corresponding settings are usually provided in the timer (if available - see below). In general, 2D cleaning is somewhat less effective than 3D (see below), but this option can b
...e provided even in the most inexpensive toothbrushes.
— Daily cleaning (3D). A function found in brushes with reciprocating-rotating and reciprocating-sweeping technology. In such models, in addition to the main cleaning technology, the bristles pulsate up and down (more precisely, into the head and back). Thanks to this, cleaning is carried out in three planes at once, which significantly improves efficiency compared to the 2D cleaning described above: the bristles not only treat the outer surface of the teeth, but also to a certain extent capture the sides and interdental space (although such cleaning is not a full-fledged replacement for the use of dental floss). The disadvantage of this function is traditional - relatively high cost.
— Gentle cleaning. A gentle cleaning program used mainly for sensitive teeth and gums prone to bleeding. In toothbrushes with reciprocating-rotating and reciprocating-sweeping cleaning technology (see below), the gentle mode most often provides for a reduced rotation/oscillation speed of the nozzle; in sonic and ultrasonic models, gentle cleaning can be ensured by reducing the amplitude of oscillations. In any case, this mode maximally eliminates discomfort during brushing and the likelihood of gum damage - even when using standard nozzles; and for the most gentle effect, it is best to use this function with a nozzle for sensitive teeth.
— Deep cleaning. Most often, this name refers to cleaning with standard intensity, but with an increased duration — for example, 3 minutes instead of the usual 2 minutes (45 seconds for each quadrant of the mouth instead of the traditional 30 seconds). This mode allows you to clean your teeth as effectively as possible and remove dirt for which regular daily cleaning is not enough.
— Polishing. A mode for treating relatively clean teeth that do not require full-scale cleaning. As a rule, polishing is performed at a reduced frequency of oscillations (rotations) and takes significantly less time than conventional treatment (for example, 1 minute instead of the traditional 2 minutes).
— Whitening. A special mode for whitening tooth enamel and removing various stains, primarily from the front teeth. It can be an extended version of the regular cleaning mode: for example, when turned on for whitening, the brush works in the regular format for 2 minutes, and then for 30 seconds in the high-intensity mode. These nuances should be clarified separately; it also does not hurt to clarify the contraindications for using this mode (especially with sensitive teeth and/or gum problems).
— Gum massage. Gum treatment can be provided as a completely separate program, or as an addition to the usual cleaning mode. This function provides not only effective cleaning, but also strengthening of the gums — it can be useful for treating inflammation and bleeding, although in such cases you should first consult a doctor.
When using irrigators, the gum massage effect is achieved by delivering a pulsating jet of variable intensity or by spraying a water-air mixture (a cloud of small droplets). For more information on these modes, see below.
— Tongue cleaning. A separate mode for cleaning the tongue. Many people find that cleaning their tongue with an electric toothbrush causes a tickling sensation that is difficult to tolerate for a long time. In light of this, this mode usually provides for a short duration of continuous treatment — about 20 seconds; if necessary, such “sessions” can be carried out several times. It is also worth mentioning that the presence of a tongue cleaning mode in itself does not mean that the kit includes a special attachment for such cleaning (see “Attachments”), although most often such a device is included in the kit.
It should be noted that in some toothbrushes, the mode change is carried out using “smart” attachments: when such an attachment is installed, the device recognizes it by the built-in chip and automatically switches to the appropriate program.
In turn, in irrigators the features of the main modes are as follows:
— Pulse. The pulse mode of the irrigator means the supply of cleaning fluid in the form of a pulsating stream. Such a flow effectively removes plaque and food debris, helps to thoroughly clean the space between the teeth, under the braces and periodontal canals (especially in hard-to-reach places).
— Jet (single-stream). Classic, most popular format of work: permanent jet with permanent pressure. Provides sufficient efficiency for most tasks for which irrigators are used, while being extremely easy to implement and can be provided even in the most inexpensive models.
— Pulsating. Water supply with variable pressure. This mode is especially effective for removing dirt from the interdental space, under braces and in other hard-to-reach places.
— Spray (atomizer). In this mode, a mixture of water and air is supplied through the nozzle, due to which, instead of a regular stream, a cloud of small drops flying at high speed is obtained at the outlet. This mode is great for gum massage and general cleaning of the oral cavity.Frequency of movements / pulsations
The frequency of sound vibrations provided by a toothbrush with a sonic operating principle. This parameter also means the maximum pulsation frequency for toothbrushes with support for pulsating cleaning technology (see above) and for irrigators with a pulsed operating mode. For dental centers (see "Type"), data on the irrigator is usually specified here, and the pulsation frequency of the toothbrush (if this parameter is relevant for it) is indicated in a separate note
High frequency of movements and
pulsations(from 40 thousand/min and higher) has a positive effect on the efficiency and quality of treatment, allowing you to quickly deal with dense plaque and even tartar. On the other hand, too intensive treatment can also be undesirable - for example, with high tooth sensitivity. All this is also relevant for irrigators - except that the operating frequencies in them are noticeably lower, such devices very rarely produce more than 2 thousand pulsations per minute. So when choosing, do not chase the maximum indicators of the frequency of movements and pulsations, but first of all it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the user - for a full guarantee, it would not hurt to consult a dentist about this.
Smartphone synchronization
The ability
to synchronize the device with a smartphone, tablet or other similar gadget. It is found mainly in toothbrushes, but can also be used in other types of devices (see "Type").
Synchronization with an external gadget, typically via Bluetooth, requires the installation of a dedicated application. The functionality of this app determines the available features when using the toothbrush with a smartphone or tablet. However, these functions extend well beyond what the toothbrush can do on its own, thanks to the smartphone or tablet's screen capabilities. Common features include displaying a timer countdown and the ability to customize the timer settings if the default values don't meet the user's preferences. The application also typically provides other relevant information, such as the selected brushing program and battery charge status. Some toothbrushes with this feature can even assess the overall effectiveness of each brushing session, process this data within the app (like tracking trends over time), and sometimes transmit this information over the internet, allowing for remote consultations with a dentist.
While in the past, the primary drawback of models offering smartphone synchronization was their high price, nowadays, even low-cost-friendly toothbrushes come with this feature. Additionally, some models go the extra mile by including dedicated smartphone holders for added convenience.
Max. operating time
This refers to the maximum duration a device can run continuously when powered by a fully charged battery or fresh batteries. It's worth noting that this metric may also apply to models designed for mains power, such as flossing systems that include rechargeable toothbrushes, in which case we're referring to the battery life of these toothbrushes.
It's important to note that device specifications typically indicate the maximum runtime under ideal conditions, often in the most energy-efficient mode of operation (and for models with replaceable batteries, using high-quality batteries). The actual battery life can vary depending on specific usage conditions. However, this parameter still serves as a valuable basis for comparing different models. Generally, differences in the claimed operating time correspond proportionally to the real differences in battery life. For example, if one toothbrush has a stated operating time of 20 minutes and another boasts 40 minutes, in practice, their battery life (under similar conditions) will likely differ by approximately two times.
It's important to consider that, for toothbrushes, this parameter can help estimate the number of brushing sessions you can expect on a single charge. Typically, the recommended daily brushing duration is 2 minutes. So, if a toothbrush has an operating time of 30 minutes, it's sufficient for approximately 15 cleaning sessions (or more realistically, around 14 or 13).
Weight
The total weight of the device is an important consideration. In the case of stationary irrigators and dental centers (as mentioned in the "Type" section), weight isn't a significant factor since the main unit is placed on a stand or wall, and you don't have to hold it. In fact, for some of these models, weight may not even be specified. However, when it comes to toothbrushes or portable irrigators, the device's weight becomes a crucial factor. A heavy device can strain your hand and make it challenging to use during teeth brushing or other procedures. It's generally recommended that the weight of a portable device should not exceed 200 g, and lighter is often better. It's worth noting that in models that come with stands (as discussed earlier), the total weight is typically provided, accounting for both the main unit and the stand. The weight of the main unit alone is usually around 1.5 to 2 times less than the total weight.