Comparison Grundfos ALPHA2 L 25-40-180 4 m

1 1/2"

180 mm

vs Grundfos UPS 25-40-180 3.8 m

1 1/2"

180 mm

The maximum flow of a pump is the amount of liquid it can pump in a certain amount of time.

Features of choosing the optimal performance option depend primarily on the purpose of the pump (see above). For example, for DHW recirculation models, the pump performance should not exceed the performance of the water heater. If the water heater is capable of delivering 10 litres per minute to the DHW circuit, then the maximum pump performance will be 10*60=600 L/h. The basic formula for calculating the performance of a heating system takes into account the power of the heater and the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and for the cold water system — the number of points of water intake. More detailed information about the calculations for each application can be found in special sources, and it is better to entrust the calculations themselves to professionals.

The head can be described as the maximum height to which a pump can lift liquid through a vertical pipe without bending or branching. This parameter is directly related to the pressure that the pump produces: 10 m of head approximately corresponds to a pressure of 1 bar (do not confuse this parameter with operating pressure — see more about it below).

The head is one of the key specs for most circulation pumps. Traditionally, it is calculated based on the difference in height between the location of the pump and the highest point of the system; however, this principle is relevant only for units that boost the pressure of cold water(see "Suitable for"). Circulation pumps for heating and DHW work with closed circuits, and the optimal pressure depends on the total hydraulic resistance of the system. Detailed calculation formulas for the first and second cases can be found in special sources.

— Number of speeds. The number of speeds provided in the design of the pump. Each speed corresponds to its performance value (see above). The options could be:

• 1 speed. There are no adjustments in such models; when turned on, the pump can operate only at one speed. This is the simplest and most inexpensive option, due to the absence of additional elements (regulators) in the design. Of course, it is convenient only in cases where the unit must operate at full capacity every time it is turned on.
• 2 speeds. 2 speeds give the user some degree of choice: the pump does not have to be turned on at full power — when it is not required, the unit can be run at reduced power to save electricity and not wear out the mechanisms beyond what is necessary.
• 3 speeds. The largest number of adjustments found in modern pumps — it makes no sense to provide a larger number for many reasons. It gives even more options for setting operation parameters than 2 speeds.
• Stepless adjustment. This option implies the ability to set the regulator to any position from minimum to maximum (in some models, fixed settings may also be provided, but only as an additional option). It provides maximum freedom and precision in the choice of operating mode. However, it significantly affects the price; and the real need for smooth adjustment occurs quite rarely.

— Automatic operating mode.... The essence of this function differs depending on the purpose of the device (see above). So, in models for increasing the pressure of cold water, the automation turns on the pump when the tap is opened and turns it off when it is closed — a special sensor reacts to the movement of water. In models for heating and domestic hot water, automation is responsible for adjusting the operating parameters — for example, when screwing the valves and reducing the flow rate, the pump can reduce the pressure, as well as, for additional functions, such as an on-off timer. Anyway, this feature makes life easier for the user, eliminating the need to perform certain operations manually and adding new features to the pump; but the specific set of these features depends on the model.

— Display. Various additional information can be displayed on the display: operating mode, performance settings, water temperature, set timers, error messages and much more. It makes management more convenient and intuitive. Pumps usually use the simplest form of black and white LCD screens, but this is quite sufficient for the purposes mentioned.

— Control panel. In this case, the control panel means a panel that has a switch with a choice of operating modes between automatic (see above) and manual. Accordingly, the presence of several modes almost necessarily means the presence of a control panel. But the speed switches themselves are not considered for this function.

The electrical power consumed by the pump during normal operation and maximum performance.

This indicator directly depends on performance — after all, for pumping large volumes of water, an appropriate amount of energy is needed. And the power depends on two main parameters — electricity consumption and the load on the power grid, which determines the connection rules. For example, pumps with a power of more than 5 kW cannot be connected to ordinary household sockets; more detailed rules can be found in special sources.

It is an indicator that determines the degree of protection of dangerous (moving and current-carrying) parts of the hardware of the pump from adverse effects, namely solid objects and water. Since pumps, by definition, are used for pumping liquids, and many of them can normally pass quite large particles, in this case, we are talking about protection against moisture and objects from outside.

The level of protection is usually indicated by a marking of the letters IP ("ingress protection") and two numbers, the first of which indicates protection against the effects of solid objects, and the second — against the ingress of water.

For the first digit, each value corresponds to the following protection values: 1 — protection against objects with a diameter of more than 50 mm (large body surfaces) 2 — against objects with a diameter of more than 12.5 mm (fingers, etc.) 3 — against objects more than 2.5 mm (most tools) 4 — against objects larger than 1 mm (virtually all tools, most wires) 5 — dust-proof (total protection against contact; the dust can enter, but does not affect the operation of the device) 6 — dust-proof (case with full dust protection and contact).

For the second digit: 1 — protection against vertically falling drops of water 2 — against drops of water with a deviation of up to 15 ° from the vertical axis of the device 3 — against drops of water with a deviation of up to 60 ° from the vertical axis of the device (rain) 4 — again...st splashes from any direction 5 — from jets from any direction 6 — from sea waves or strong water jets 7 — short-term immersion to a depth of up to 1 m (without the possibility of continuous operation in immersed mode) 8 — long-term immersion to a depth of more than 1 m (with the possibility of permanent operation) in immersed mode).

In some cases, one of the numbers may be replaced by the letter X — this means that the official certification for the corresponding parameter has not been carried out. In pumps, X is usually put in place of the first digit, because a high degree of moisture resistance in itself means a high degree of protection against solid contaminants. At the same time, for such models, an additional letter index can be provided, which describes the degree of protection against specific solid objects — for example, IPX2D. The letter D corresponds to the highest degree of stability, which does not allow the wire to be hit; the previous options A, B and C respectively mean protection from the hand, from the finger and a small tool like a screwdriver.

The heat resistance class of the insulating materials used in the construction of the pump. The higher the heat resistance — the more reliable the device, the less likely it is to ignite or break the insulation in case of overload or overheating. In addition, powerful performant units can become very hot even in normal operations.

In modern pumps, mainly the following classes of insulation are found:

— B. Materials with a heating limit of 130 °C. They are the most modest option by the standards of pumps. Use binding and impregnating compositions of organic origin.

— F. For this class, the heating limit is 155 °C — the average for pumps. Such insulation uses mainly synthetic binders.

— H. Insulating materials based on organosilicon binders/impregnators. Due to this, their heat resistance reaches 180 °C.