The season (and, accordingly, the temperature regime) for which the tyre is designed.
"Seasonality" is primarily due to the fact that any composition used in the construction of motorcycle tyres has a certain temperature range in which it shows optimal performance. If the temperature is too low, the rubber will remain hard and will not provide the desired degree of grip, and if it is too high, it will soften, impair stability and be subject to increased wear. In addition, winter and all-season models often have specific design features that ensure efficient operation in difficult conditions — special-shaped grooves for effective moisture removal, massive protrusions for “biting” into the snow, etc. Therefore, it is highly undesirable to deviate from seasonal recommendations.
At the same time, it is worth noting that motorcycles themselves as a mode of transport are designed mainly for use in the warm season — by the word "season" most owners of motorcycles mean the period from approximately mid-spring to mid-autumn. Therefore, the vast majority of motorcycle tyres are
summer tyres,
all-season models are very rare, and winter tyres are even rarer, mainly among
cross -country rubber (see above).
The speed rating characterizes the maximum speed at which the tyre maintains performance, in other words, the highest speed at which you can safely drive when using this tyre in normal mode (on the “native” axle, with normal load, etc.). This parameter is indicated by Latin letters, each of which corresponds to its own maximum speed value — for example, a value of 210 km/h is denoted as H. The most modest modern tyres, used mainly for scooters and motocross motorcycles, have the index J (100 km/h), and in high-speed sports models there are models of the
W level (270 km/h).
You should choose a tyre for this parameter based on the recommendations of the motorcycle manufacturer, and if there are no such recommendations, then with a margin of at least 10-15 km/h in excess of the maximum speed with which you plan to ride; this will give an additional guarantee of safety in case of emergency situations. It is technically OK for most motorcycles to use tyres that are less fast than recommended, but in fact this should not be done. And the point is not only that the driver will have to limit the speed of movement — such tyres are generally less durable than high-speed ones and may not tolerate sharp accelerations well.
