Form factor
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Tabletop. Models whose housings are designed for self-installation. This may not necessarily be a table, but any suitable flat surface - for example, a shelf. This form factor is not only universal in terms of placement possibilities, but also extensive in the range of available offerings - it covers models from the budget class to the professional rank.
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Portable. Mobile solutions with basic switching capabilities and a minimum required set of connection connectors. Typically, portable audio interfaces are intended to be used in field, spartan, or cramped environments where equipment portability is at the forefront. Many of these models are designed to work together with a laptop and/or smartphone.
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Stand up. The housings of such audio interfaces are designed for installation in telecommunications racks: they are sized to fit a standard slot in the rack and a corresponding set of fasteners. The rack-mount form factor is typical for professional solutions designed for use in recording studios, concert halls and other similar places.
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Internal (built-in). Internal audio interfaces are usually connected to the computer's system bus and integrated into its hardware. In modern realities, embedded solutions are rare - they are inferior to external analogues in terms of mobility, ease of installation and the ability t
...o use on multiple devices. However, models with an internal form factor allow you to exchange data with a computer at the highest possible speeds and with the lowest possible latency rates.
It is also worth noting that some audio interfaces may have a combined design. In particular, the market offers universal models with both desktop installation and rack mounting options.Connection
Connection interfaces that the audio interface is equipped with.
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USB A. Connection via standard USB port. Until recently, this was the most popular interface for external peripherals, found in almost all PCs and laptops. Nowadays, it is often replaced by a USB type C port (see the corresponding paragraph). Most USB A audio interfaces draw power directly from the PC or other host device.
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USB type B. The connector has a characteristic square shape, noticeably different from the well-known rectangular USB A ports. In audio interfaces, it is used to transmit signals from external sources to a computer for recording and processing.
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USB type C. A peripheral connector with a symmetrical contact group, which often replaces full-size USB ports on board modern PCs and laptops. Many new models of audio interfaces are being made for this interface. An exception to the rule is individual instances for Thunderbolt. For them, it is Thunderbolt that is indicated, and not USB type C.
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Thunderbolt v2. Initially, Thunderbolt is a universal connector used primarily in Apple computer equipment. On board audio interfaces it is used as a general peripheral connector (similar to USB). This uses the miniDisplayPort hardware port. The data transfer speed in this version reaches 20 Gbit/s. Recently, the v2 edition has been rep
...laced by the Thunderbolt v3 version (see the corresponding paragraph).
- Thunderbolt v3. A universal interface that is found mainly in Apple technology. In audio interfaces it is used as a general peripheral connector (similar to USB). Specifically, Thunderbolt v3 provides data transfer speeds of up to 40 Gbps and uses a USB type C hardware connector (as opposed to earlier versions based on miniDisplayPort).
- Lightning. A connector used exclusively in Apple portable electronics (since 2012). Accordingly, audio interfaces with such a port are aimed at ease of connection to iPhones and iPads. Note that today there has been a transition from proprietary Lightning to the common USB type C - the latest generations of Apple gadgets are produced with just such a peripheral connection connector.
- mini-USB. A smaller version of the full-size USB interface, created for portable equipment. It is found very rarely in audio interfaces.
- FireWire. Universal connector, also known as IEEE 1394 or i-Link. In terms of functionality, it is analogous to USB, and in some characteristics it even surpasses it. However, FireWare is much less common. Used to connect to computers and some types of specialized audio equipment.
— Dante Dante connectors are used to connect audio interfaces to a network to transmit audio digitally. In this case, a standard Ethernet port (RJ-45) is used for physical access to the network.Frequency range
The audio frequency range supported by the device. Most often we are talking about the range of frequencies that a device can produce in an analog audio output signal.
In general, the wider the frequency range, the fuller the sound, the lower the likelihood that the audio interface will “cut off” the upper or lower frequencies. However, it must be taken into account that the human ear is capable of hearing sounds at frequencies from 16 to 22,000 Hz, and the upper limit decreases with age. So from a practical point of view, it makes no sense to provide a wider range in audio technology. And the impressive numbers found in high-end devices are rather a “side effect” of advanced electronic circuits and are given in the specifications mainly for advertising purposes. Also remember that the overall sound quality is affected by many other factors besides frequency range.
Total Jack / XLR audio inputs
— Total audio inputs Jack / XLR. The total number of analog audio inputs such as Jack (6.35 mm) and/or XLR (this interface can be combined with a “jack”). Note that such connectors can play the role of both a line input and a microphone or instrument input. For more details, see the relevant paragraphs.
— mini-Jack. The standard 3.5 mm mini-Jack is usually used in audio interfaces as an analog (line) input for two stereo channels, as well as as a microphone audio input (see the corresponding paragraphs).
Microphone
An input jack used to record audio from a microphone, which may transmit low signal levels and requires amplification. It often includes a microphone preamplifier - it amplifies a weak signal to a level that is suitable for recording or processing in an audio interface. The most common types of microphone inputs are:
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mini-Jack (3.5 mm). The standard mini-Jack audio connector (3.5 mm) provides average signal quality, which is why it is poorly suited for professional tasks such as studio recording. As a result, the “purely microphone” variety of the 3.5 mm jack is relatively rare, but still has a right to exist. It is also worth considering that microphones can use mini-Jack plugs for different numbers of contacts (from 2 to 4).
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Jack (6.35 mm). The shape and arrangement of contacts of Jack sockets (6.35 mm) are similar to the corresponding varieties of the 3.5 mm standard, but they are larger in size. Due to the larger contact area and less tendency to interference, plugs of this format are found in microphones of all price categories. In addition, a balanced connection is often made through the 6.35 mm jack - a special type of connection used in professional audio equipment that allows signal transmission even over fairly long wires without interference.
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XLR. In audio equipment, three-pin XLR connectors are most often used to connect a micropho
...ne. XLR provides a reliable and tight connection, and the interface sockets often have locks to secure the plugs. Connection through this connector is also carried out in a balanced way - using three wires instead of two. The peculiarity of this signal transmission is that external interference is filtered, in fact, by the wire itself, which allows you to transmit a high-quality audio signal even with long cable lengths. Often the XLR connector can be combined with Jack (6.35 mm).Line
The type of line input provided in the device. Uses the line input to feed audio from an external source to the audio interface.
The following types of connectors can be used for line input:
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mini-Jack (3.5 mm). A socket for a standard mini-Jack plug (3.5 mm). The connector serves as an audio input for two stereo channels. It is designed primarily for portable electronics such as smartphones, pocket players, etc. In stationary devices, Jack (6.35 mm), XLR and RCA are more popular.
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Jack (6.35 mm). A common audio connector for transmitting an analog signal. In design, this type of socket is as similar as possible to a mini-Jack (3.5 mm), but differs in size. Jack connector (6.5 mm) provides tight contact and is less susceptible to interference. It also supports a balanced connection - high-quality transmission of audio signals over fairly long wires with effective protection against interference.
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XLR. The XLR standard is considered professional - not only because of the high quality of signal transmission, but also because of its fairly large size and the presence of locks for securely securing the plugs. However, only one channel of audio can be transmitted over one cable, so XLR outputs are usually installed in pairs - based on stereo sound. Also note that these connectors can be combined with Jack sockets (6.35 mm). They also allow y
...ou to implement a connection in a balanced format with a high degree of noise immunity and the use of fairly long wires without affecting the frequency of the analog signal.
- RCA. Connector for coaxial cable with tulip type plug. The standard RCA input consists of two jacks - for stereo sound, left and right channel. One analog RCA connector can only transmit one channel of audio, so the number of such connectors corresponds to the number of channels supported by the device.USB
Number and type of USB ports in the device. Most often, audio interfaces contain full-size USB A connectors, and their number can vary from 1 to 3 pcs. Such ports are being replaced in modern models by more compact USB type C, which allows the plug to be inserted in either direction. Somewhat less commonly, audio interfaces can be equipped with USB B ports, while desktop models can be equipped with microUSB connectors.
Software included
The software included with your audio interface may vary depending on the make and model. The vast majority of it is represented by drivers, utilities for managing the device, software for recording and editing sound, virtual instruments or effects, and all kinds of plugins. It is advisable to clarify separately which specific software components are included in the audio interface package.
ОС
Supported operating systems ensure device compatibility with computers running different platforms. The following options are widespread in audio interfaces:
-Windows. The vast majority of audio interfaces provide drivers and software for compatibility with the popular Windows operating system. At the same time, it is important to clarify the supported OS versions - in modern realities, these are Windows 10 and Windows 11.
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macOS. Support for working with Apple computers and laptops that use the proprietary macOS platform.
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iOS. The ability to work with mobile applications for creating and processing sound, implemented when using Apple smartphones running the iOS operating system.
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iPadOS. In this version, the audio interfaces support work with Apple tablets running the proprietary iPadOS operating system.
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Android. Compatibility of the audio interface with mobile devices based on the popular Android platform. This involves using mobile versions of applications for creating and processing sound.
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Linux. Support for the Linux platform is less common among audio interfaces, and not all devices provide official drivers for this operating system.
—Chrome. The device is compatible
...with laptops running the Chrome OS operating system. These are rarely found in common use, but they do occur.