Portable Speakers: specifications, types

— Bluetooth. Wireless technology for transmitting sound from mobile phones, tablets, etc. Allows you to connect a device wirelessly at a short distance from the signal source. The quality and overall capabilities of Bluetooth vary depending on the version:

Bluetooth 4. Each version brings improvements relative to the previous one. So in version 4.0, three standards were actually combined: traditional Bluetooth, a high-speed channel and an energy-saving mode for small amounts of data. This allowed us to optimize channel usage and battery consumption. In version 4.1. Noise immunity has been enhanced when working next to 4G LTE modules. And version 4.2 introduced mainly general improvements in speed and security.

Bluetooth 5.0. One of the most important innovations of the Bluetooth 5.0 standard is the expansion of the capabilities of the BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) mode: if necessary, the device can increase the range by reducing the speed, or speed up transmission by reducing the range. In addition, a number of improvements have been introduced regarding simultaneous work with multiple connected devices.

- Bluetooth 5.1. A significant upgrade in version 5.1 was the ability to accurately position the signal transmitter (receiver). If previous versions could only determine distance, then version 5.1 can also determin...e direction. Thus, navigation began to function better and more accurately, which improved work with the smart home system, searching for connected devices, etc. In addition to this, the improvements again concerned saving energy consumption and simultaneous work with several connected devices.

- Bluetooth 5.2. The next update, after 5.1, is Bluetooth 5th generation. The main innovations in this version are a number of security improvements, additional optimization of power consumption in LE mode and a new audio signal format for synchronizing parallel playback on multiple devices.

— Bluetooth 5.3 The Bluetooth v 5.3 wireless communication protocol was introduced at the dawn of 2022. Among the innovations in it, they accelerated the process of negotiating a communication channel between the controller and the device, implemented the function of quickly switching between the operating state in a low duty cycle and a high-speed mode, and improved the throughput and stability of the connection by reducing susceptibility to interference. When unexpected interference occurs in Low Energy mode, the procedure for selecting a communication channel to switch from now on has been accelerated. There are no fundamental innovations in protocol 5.3, but a number of qualitative improvements are evident in it.

- Bluetooth 5.4. The version was presented at the beginning of 2023, the range and data exchange speed were increased. Also in Bluetooth v 5.4, the energy-saving BLE mode has been improved. This protocol uses new security features to protect data from unauthorized access, has increased connection reliability by selecting the best channel for communication, and prevents connection losses due to interference.

—Mini-Jack (3.5 mm). Standard Aux audio input for connecting speakers to an audio source, such as a laptop or smartphone.

- USB. The presence of a USB connector allows you to connect a flash drive, mobile phones, MP3 players and other similar peripherals to the portable speakers. Accordingly, such models have a built-in player and allow you to use connected gadgets exclusively as a drive.

- Card reader. Like the USB described above, this item implies the presence of a built-in player in the acoustics. And the card reader allows you to use memory cards as a drive on which songs will be recorded.

— FM receiver. A built-in tuner allows the speaker system to work as a full-fledged FM radio receiver - this is the range that is popular among music radio stations (in particular, due to the ability to broadcast sound in stereo format).

— Mono. The simplest type of acoustics is a single-channel audio system equipped with one speaker. Of course, there is no question of any volume of sound.

— Stereo. Acoustic system equipped with two speakers responsible for the left and right channels. Allows you to create a minimal illusion of "surround" sound by simulating the displacement of the sound source in the space in front of the listener.

— 2.1. A system of two stereo speakers that create a minimal illusion of "surround" sound, and a subwoofer that provides powerful and rich sound at low and ultra-low frequencies.

A band is a specific part of the frequency range reproduced by an acoustic system. In single-way acoustics, only universal speakers are used that are responsible for the entire operating range. The presence of several bands means the use of specialized speakers, “tailored” to certain frequencies: for example, in two-way speakers, separate high-frequency “tweeters” are most often provided, and in three-way speakers the frequencies are divided into low, medium and high.

For different frequencies, the optimal speaker design will also be different; thus, the multi-band design allows for better sound quality. On the other hand, single-way speakers are lighter, more compact and less expensive. This is exactly what most portable speakers are, since Hi-Fi sound is not alien to them.

Hi-Res Audio support for portable speakers. The corresponding format is designed to provide sound close to that recorded in the studio. Hi-Res Audio refers to a digital signal with parameters starting from 96 kHz/24 bits, and for analogue equipment there is a requirement for an extended frequency response - from 40 kHz. Audio tracks in this format sound as close as possible to the original ideas of the authors of the compositions. The Hi-Res license marks premium solutions for avid audiophiles.

Соотношение уровня полезного сигнала (собственно воспроизводимого звука) к уровню посторонних шумов, обеспечиваемое усилителем колонок в нормальном режиме.

Любой усилитель неизбежно создаёт собственные шумы; избавиться от них нельзя, однако можно снизить их уровень. Чем выше соотношение сигнал/шум — тем чище будет звук, тем менее заметными будут посторонние помехи. Однако стоит иметь в виду, что соотношение сигнал/шум является далеко не единственным параметром, влияющим на качество звука, и его высокое значение ещё не гарантирует приятного звучания колонок.

The SPL (Sound Pressure Level) parameter determines the sound volume of portable acoustics. This indicator is expressed in decibels (dB). The higher the SPL, the louder and farther the sound produced by the speaker travels. It is important to consider that decibel is a non-linear quantity. In other words, increasing the volume from 20 dB to 40 dB or from 40 to 80 dB does not mean increasing it by 2 times. Therefore, when making an assessment, it is most convenient to refer to comparative tables of noise levels in special sources.

The presence of a passive radiator in the design of the speaker system.

Such an emitter is a speaker cone that does not have its own coil and magnet — in other words, it does not produce sound itself, but only vibrates from the sound of other speakers. Like the phase inverter (see above), this part is intended to improve sound pressure and sound depth, especially at low frequencies; at the same time, the advantage of a passive radiator is the absence of a tube, due to which the design is simpler and more compact than with a phase inverter.

The total power of all channels of the speaker system. The higher the power, the larger the size of the room in which the audio system can be used, however, more powerful portable speakers usually have larger dimensions and weight.

The range of audio frequencies reproduced by the audio system. The wider the range, the richer the sound, the more details the speakers can convey, especially in the low and high frequencies. At the same time, we note that the average human ear is able to hear sounds in the range of about 16 – 20,000 Hz, and it makes no sense to provide a wider range in speakers — a person simply will not hear it. Also note that a wide frequency range alone does not guarantee good sound quality.

The model supports the ability to synchronize the operation of several speakers connected to one signal source. This solution allows you to realize truly stereo sound, improve the quality and power of sound reproduction, and also expand the stereo panorama. The only thing is that both speakers must support the appropriate connection type. Different brands may have their own technologies for combining speakers (JBL Connect, JBL PartyBoost, Sony Party Chain), or maybe a universal TWS.

Initially, sound transmission via Bluetooth involves quite strong signal compression, which can greatly spoil the experience when listening to music. To eliminate this drawback, various technologies are used (the most popular of which is the aptX codec). Of course, to use any of the technologies, it must be supported not only by the sound system, but also by the Bluetooth device with which it is used.

- aptX. A Bluetooth codec designed to significantly improve the quality of audio transmitted over Bluetooth. According to the creators, it allows you to achieve quality comparable to Audio CD (16-bit/44.1kHz). The benefits of aptX are most noticeable when listening to high-quality content, but even on regular MP3 it can provide a noticeable sound improvement.

- aptX HD. This codec is a further development and improvement of the original aptX technology, allowing you to transmit sound in even higher quality - Hi-Res (24-bit/48kHz). According to the creators, this standard allows you to achieve signal quality superior to AudioCD and sound purity comparable to wired communication. The latter is often questionable, but it can be argued that overall aptX HD provides very high sound quality. On the other hand, all the advantages of this technology become noticeable only on Hi-Res audio - with quality 24-bit/48kHz or higher; otherwise, the quality is limited not so much by the characteristics of the connection as by the propertie...s of the source files.

- aptX Low Latency. A specific version of aptX described above, designed not so much to improve sound quality, but to reduce delays in signal transmission. Such delays inevitably occur when working via Bluetooth; They are not critical for listening to music, but when watching videos or playing games, there may be a noticeable desynchronization between the image and sound. The aptX LL codec eliminates this phenomenon, reducing latency to 32 ms - such a difference is imperceptible to human perception (although for serious tasks like studio audio work it is still too high).

- A.A.C. A codec used primarily in Apple portable devices to improve sound transmitted via Bluetooth. In this sense, it is similar to aptX (see the corresponding paragraphs), but is noticeably inferior to it in terms of capabilities: if the sound of aptX is compared with Audio CD, then AAC is at the level of an average quality MP3 file. However, for listening to the same MP3s, this is quite enough; the difference becomes noticeable only on more advanced formats.

-LDAC. Sony's proprietary Bluetooth codec. It surpasses even aptX HD in terms of bandwidth and potential sound quality, providing performance at the Hi-Res level of 24-bit/96kHz audio; there is even an opinion that this is the maximum quality that it makes sense to provide in wireless headphones - further improvement will be simply imperceptible to the human ear.

- Speakerphone. Possibility of using portable sound system as a public address system for a mobile phone. In this mode, the sound system are connected to the device using Bluetooth, and the voice of the subscriber on the other end of the line is output not to the phone’s speaker, but through the speakers of the speaker system. This is often more convenient than holding the phone to your ear; In addition, speakerphone is useful if several people need to participate in a conversation.

— NFC chip. NFC is a short-range wireless communication technology (about 10 cm). It allows for many uses, but in portable speakers it is usually used as an addition to Bluetooth, making it easier to set up the communication. For example, a smartphone with an NFC module can simply be brought close to a speaker with the same function - and both devices will automatically recognize each other, and the user will only have to confirm the communication.

- Multipoint. A technology used in Bluetooth models that allows the speaker to connect to multiple devices simultaneously. Thanks to this, you can, for example, listen to music from a laptop, and when a call arrives on your mobile phone, switch the speakers to conversation. Different manufacturers have their own characteristics of this technology, and therefore, if the multipoint function is critical for you, it is worthwhile to sepa...rately clarify the details of its operation in the selected model.

- Bass Boost. Low frequency boost for powerful, rich bass. Often implemented as a single button, with which you can actually “turn the bass on and off.” Bass Boost is more convenient than adjusting low frequencies using an equalizer; In addition, various special technologies can be used to enhance the bass.

- Mobile app. The ability to operate the functions and settings of portable sound system through a mobile application for a smartphone or tablet. Communication between the device and gadgets is usually carried out via the Bluetooth wireless protocol. The proprietary software may provide tools for flexible sound settings (equalizer, bass boost, etc.), managing wireless connections, selecting a sound source, etc. Also, through a mobile application, it is often possible to update the firmware of portable sound system.

— Lighting effects. Such effects can be different - from the simplest set of light bulbs blinking at a constant frequency, to advanced color and music systems that produce multi-colored patterns in time with the music being played. In any case, this function has more of an entertainment meaning and does not in any way affect the sound of the device.

— LCD display. This screen makes device control more visual: it can display the operating mode, equalizer settings, battery charge level, etc.

— Handle/strap. The presence of a handle or strap makes wearing the speaker more comfortable. So the handle is used mainly in large stereo speakers and makes them similar to boomboxes ( cassette recorders) of yesteryear. The strap can be used both for large speakers and for miniature ones, which allows you to hang them on your hand, on elements of a backpack, etc.

- Flashlight. This feature likely won't replace a high-end, dedicated flashlight. The power of the built-in flashlight is usually enough to illuminate at least a distance of 2 - 3 meters, and models with a bicycle mount (see above) can even play the role of a headlight (although, again, they are inferior to specialized bicycle lights).

— Carabiner/suspension A device in the form of a latch that allows you to attach the speaker to items of clothing, backpack straps, etc.

— Bicycle mount. A special device designed to mount the speaker on a bicycle, usually on the handlebars, at the user’s fingertips. Such models are often complemented by a hands-free function, which allows you to communicate on the phone without taking your hands off the...steering wheel.

Theoretically, a higher capacity allows to achieve greater battery life, but in fact, the operating time also depends on the power consumption of acoustics — and it can be very different, depending on the characteristics and design features. So this parameter is secondary, and when choosing it is worth paying attention not so much to the battery capacity, but to the directly claimed operating time (see below).

Operating time of a portable audio system without connecting to an external power source (network or USB port, depending on the capabilities). Note that manufacturers tend to indicate battery life in their specifications under optimal conditions for energy saving: at low volume, without using additional functions, etc. Therefore, in fact, this indicator may be noticeably lower than the claimed one, and speakers with a long operating time will not sound at full volume for the specified hours.

The time it takes to charge a fully discharged device to 100% charge.

- microUSB. One of the miniature versions of the USB connector, still popular in portable gadgets, despite the emergence of the more advanced USB C. It has relatively limited capabilities (in particular, it is inferior to USB C in terms of the maximum possible charging power), but this point is rarely critical. At the same time, there are a great variety of cables and chargers for microUSB.

- USB C. A relatively new type of USB connector that is actively gaining momentum. Like microUSB, it has miniature dimensions, but has a more convenient double-sided design and advanced capabilities, in particular the ability to transmit higher power, which has a beneficial effect on charging time.

Ability to work portable acoustics in power bank mode. This mode is only found in models with their own batteries (see "Power type"): it allows you to use this battery to power a smartphone or other external gadget. Thus, acoustics can play the role of an additional external battery, which is important in situations where it is not possible to charge a portable device in time.

Note that Power Bank speakers may only be compatible with certain phone models; this point should be clarified before buying.

The presence in the design of the acoustics of a protected housing that prevents dust and moisture from entering the sensitive electronic filling. The specific degree of such protection in different models may be different — some speakers are able to endure even complete immersion under water ( waterproof), others are designed only for exposure to moderate rain. Therefore, the specifics of the protected case should be clarified separately according to the manufacturer's official data. However, anyway, such speakers will be more resistant to bad weather and better suited for outdoor use than those that do not have dust and water protection; therefore, if you are choosing acoustics for outdoor trips, it makes sense to pay attention to models with this function.

Some models with this feature are officially IP certified. The IP index includes two digits — for example, IP54. The first digit indicates the degree of protection against dust, the second — from moisture; the higher the number, the higher the corresponding degree of protection, detailed data can be found in special sources.

Portable audio devices for playing music from famous brands of power tools. First of all, such models are notable for their good dust and moisture protection, since their main use is construction. Such devices usually have an FM receiver with an external antenna for reliable reception of radio signals through walls and partitions; less often, you can connect to them via Bluetooth or access an audio library from a memory card. The power of a construction radio is quite enough to “shout out” a working tool. The devices can be powered from the mains or from proprietary brand batteries that are compatible with other power tools.

The main material used in the construction of the hull.

— Plastic. Inexpensive and at the same time very convenient material for portable acoustics. Plastic easily accepts a variety of colours and complex shapes; the latter not only gives space to designers, creating speakers of unusual design, but also allows you to apply various tricks to improve sound quality. In addition, this material is not afraid of moisture. It is believed that the strength of plastic is not very high, but this disadvantage is easily compensated by the large thickness of the material or the use of special impact-resistant grades. Therefore, plastic is found in all categories of speakers, from low-cost to high-end and from "home" to extreme, designed for an active lifestyle and frequent outdoor use.

— Metal. The metal gives the speakers a solid and expensive appearance, and on the practical side, this material is remarkable primarily for its high strength. At the same time, it is much more expensive than plastic — also due to the fact that manufacturers have to use shock-absorbing inserts and other tricks to avoid an unpleasant "metallic" coloration of the sound; and the mentioned strength is most often not critical. Therefore, metal cases are much less common than plastic cases, mainly in rather expensive portable acoustics.

— Silicone. Relatively soft and elastic mate...rial, not afraid of moisture. Suitable for creating dust, moisture and shock-proof speakers; in addition, it is convenient for models with suction cups (see above) — the part of the body that has the appropriate shape can play the role of a suction cup directly. At the same time, silicone has no other noticeable advantages over plastic, so its use is limited to specific models of portable acoustics.

— Rubber. For a number of reasons, rubber is considered well suited for models with dust and water protection, almost all speakers made of this material are protected. In addition, due to the softness of the rubber provides good shockproof properties.

— Wood. Wood is considered the optimal material for speaker cabinets in terms of acoustics. However, the specificity of portable speakers is such that this moment is not decisive in this case, and the main advantage of wooden cases over others (primarily plastic ones) is their aesthetic appearance, with characteristic colours and patterns. In addition, many consider wood a more pleasant to the touch and “natural” material. But this option does not have any special practical advantages, despite the fact that it is quite expensive. As a result, portable speakers with wooden cases are rare — they are mostly designer models created based on the original design.