Code name
This parameter characterizes, firstly, the technical process (see above), and secondly, some features of the internal structure of processors. A new (or at least updated) codename is introduced to the market with each new CPU generation; chips of the same architecture are "coevals", but may belong to different series (see above). At the same time, one generation can include both one and several code names.
Here are the most common Intel codenames today:
Cascade Lake-X (10th gen),
Comet Lake (10th gen),
Comet Lake Refresh (10th generation),
Rocket Lake (11th generation),
Alder Lake (12th generation),
Raptor Lake (13th generation),
Raptor Lake Refresh (14th generation).
For AMD, this list includes
Zen+ Picasso,
Zen2 Matisse,
Zen2 Renoir,
Zen3 Vermeer,
Zen3 Cezanne,
Zen4 Raphael,
Zen4 Phoenix and
Zen5 Granite Ridge.
Clock speed
The number of cycles per second that the processor produces in its normal operating mode. A clock is a single electrical impulse used to process data and synchronize the processor with the rest of the computer system. Different operations may require fractions of a clock or several clocks, but anyway, the clock frequency is one of the main parameters characterizing the performance and speed of the processor — all other things being equal, a processor with a higher clock frequency will work faster and better cope with significant loads. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the actual performance of the chip is determined not only by the clock frequency, but also by a number of other characteristics — from the series and architecture (see the relevant paragraphs) to the number of cores and support for special instructions. So it makes sense to compare by clock frequency only chips with similar characteristics belonging to the same series and generation.
TurboBoost / TurboCore
The maximum processor clock speed that can be reached when running in Turbo Boost or Turbo Core overclocking mode.
The name "Turbo Boost" is used for the overclocking technology used by Intel, "Turbo Core" for the solution from AMD. The principle of operation in both cases is the same: if some cores are not used or work under a load below the maximum, the processor can transfer part of the load from the loaded cores to them, thus increasing computing power and performance. Operation in this mode is characterized by an increase in the clock frequency, and it is indicated in this case.
Note that we are talking about the maximum possible clock frequency — modern CPUs are able to regulate the operating mode depending on the situation, and with a relatively low load, the actual frequency may be lower than the maximum possible. See "Clock frequency" for the general meaning of this parameter.
L1 cache
The amount of Level 1 (L1) cache provided by the processor.
Cache is an intermediate memory buffer into which the most frequently used data from RAM is written when the processor is running. This speeds up access to them and has a positive effect on system performance. The larger the cache, the more data can be stored in it for quick access and the higher the performance. Level 1 cache has the highest performance and the smallest volume — up to 128 KB. It is an integral part of any processor.
L3 cache
The amount of cache level 3 (L3) provided in the processor.
Cache is an intermediate memory buffer into which the most frequently used data from RAM is written when the processor is running. This speeds up access to them and has a positive effect on system performance. The larger the cache, the more data can be stored in it for quick access and the higher the performance.
IGP
Model of the integrated video core installed in the processor. See "Integrated Graphics" for details on the core itself. And knowing the name of the graphics chip model, you can find its detailed characteristics and clarify the performance of the processor when working with video.
In terms of specific models, Intel processors use
HD Graphics, specifically
510,
530,
610,
630 and
UHD Graphics with models
610,
630,
730,
750,
770. AMD chips, in turn, can carry
Radeon Graphics,
Radeon R5 series,
Radeon R7 series, and
Radeon RX Vega graphics cards.
At the same time,
processors without a graphics core are appropriate for purchase if you plan to fully assemble a PC with a graphics card. In this case, overpaying for a
processor with a graphics core does not make sense.
Instruction
Support by the processor of various sets of additional commands. These can be instructions that optimize the operation of the processor as a whole or with applications of a certain type (for example, multimedia, or 64-bit), prevent certain types of viruses from running on the computer, etc. Each manufacturer has its own assortment of instructions for CPUs.
Multiplier
The coefficient on the basis of which the value of the processor clock frequency is displayed. The latter is calculated by multiplying the multiplier by the system bus frequency (see System bus frequency). For example, with a system bus frequency of 533 MHz and a multiplier of 4, the processor clock speed will be approximately 2.1 GHz.
Free multiplier
The ability to change the value of the multiplier (see Multiplier) of the processor at will. Unlike overclocking ("overclocking") in its classical sense, often associated with hacking processor settings, a
free multiplier makes it possible to "legally" and quite easily change the processor clock frequency — most often this is implemented through BIOS settings. At the same time, do not forget that the increased frequency of the processor requires the appropriate efficiency of the cooling system.
