HDR
Receiver support for
HDR technology; this clause may also specify the specific supported HDR format.
HDR stands for High Dynamic Range. This technology allows you to expand the range of brightness reproduced simultaneously on the screen; to put it simply, the viewer will see brighter whites and darker blacks. In practice, this means a significant improvement in color quality: colors are more vibrant and at the same time more faithful than without HDR. However, to use this function, in addition to the receiver, a TV/projector that supports the appropriate HDR format and content recorded in this format is required.
In terms of specific formats, the most popular options these days are basic HDR10, advanced HDR10+, and high-end
Dolby Vision. Here are their features:
- HDR10. Historically the first of the consumer HDR formats, less advanced than the options described below but extremely widespread. In particular, HDR10 is supported by almost all streaming services that provide HDR content at all, and it is also common for Blu-ray discs. Allows you to work with a color depth of 10 bits (hence the name). At the same time, devices of this format are also compatible with content in HDR10 +, although its quality will be limited by the capabilities of the original HDR10.
- HDR10+. Improved version of HDR10. With the same color depth (10 bits), it uses the so-called dynamic metadata,
...which allows transmitting information about the color depth not only for groups of several frames, but also for individual frames. This results in an additional improvement in color reproduction.
Dolby Vision. An advanced standard used particularly in professional cinematography. Allows you to achieve a color depth of 12 bits, uses the dynamic metadata described above, and also makes it possible to transmit two image options at once in one video stream - HDR and normal (SDR). At the same time, Dolby Vision is based on the same technology as HDR10, so in modern video technology this format is usually combined with HDR10 or HDR10+.Decoders
A decoder can be broadly described as a standard in which digital audio (often multi-channel) is recorded. For normal playback of such sound, it is necessary that the corresponding decoder is supported by the device. The first signs of multi-channel decoding were
Dolby Digital and
DTS, gradually improving and introducing new features. The final stage for 2020 is Dolby Atmos and
DTS X decoders. And the intermediate ones were
Dolby TrueHD,
Dolby Pro Logic II,
DTS-HD,
DTS ES,
DTS Neural: X,
DTS Neo (6, X).
Dolby Atmos. A decoder that does not use a rigid distribution of sound across channels, but the processing of audio objects, due to which it can be used with almost any number of channels on a reproducing system — the sound will be divided between channels so that each audio object is heard as close as possible to its proper place. When using Dolby Atmos, in-ceiling speakers (or speakers facing the ceiling) are highly desirable. However, in extreme cases, you can do without them.
— DTS X . An analogue of the Dolby Atmos described above, when the sound is distributed not through individual channels, but through audio objects. The
...digital signal contains information about where (according to the director's intention) the object audible to the user should be and how it should move, and the processor of the reproducing device processes this information and determines exactly how the sound should be distributed over the available channels in order to achieve the required localization. Thanks to this, DTS X is not tied to a specific number of audio channels — there can be as many as you like, the system will automatically divide the sound into them, achieving the desired sound. Also note that this decoder allows you to separately adjust the volume of dialogues.
— IMAX Enhanced. The IMAX Enhanced Mark of Conformity is awarded to equipment that meets the audio certification requirements of IMAX Corporation. Combined with DTS audio technology to deliver signature IMAX theater-like sound in the home. The most accurate reproduction of such audio is possible in systems with a large number of channels (5.1 or more). Note that for a fully immersive experience, IMAX Enhanced certification must also apply to video equipment for playing content (TV, projector, etc.).HDMI version
HDMI interface version supported by the receiver. Usually, all HDMI connectors available in the device correspond to this version — both inputs (see above) and outputs (see below). Here are the current options:
— v 1.4. The oldest of the current versions, released in 2009. However, it supports 3D video capable of working with resolutions up to 4096x2160 at 24 fps, and in Full HD resolution, the frame rate can reach 120 fps. In addition to the original v.1.4, there are also improved modifications — v.1.4a and v.1.4b; they are similar in terms of basic features, in both cases the improvements affected mainly work with 3D content.
-v 2.0. Significant update to HDMI introduced in 2013. In this version, the maximum frame rate in 4K has increased to 60 fps, and the audio bandwidth has increased to 32 channels and 4 separate streams simultaneously. Also from the innovations, we can mention support for the ultra-wide format 21:9. In the v.2.0a update, HDR support was added to the interface capabilities, in v.2.0b this feature was improved and expanded.
— v 2.1. Despite the similarity in name to v.2.0, this version, released in 2017, was a very large-scale update. In particular, it added support for 8K and even 10K at speeds up to 120 fps, as well as further expanded the possibilities for working with HDR. Under this version, its own cable was released — HDMI Ultra High Speed, all v.2.1 features are available only when using cables of this standard,...although basic functions can be used with simpler cords.
Composite
The number of
composite inputs provided in the design of the receiver.
Note that in this case, we do not mean a full-size composite interface that uses three sockets (video and two stereo sound channels), but only one connector — video. This is due to the fact that the sound can be output through standard RCA audio connectors. The video output also uses an RCA type connector, usually a characteristic yellow colour.
Due to the fact that all image data is transmitted over a single cable, the composite interface is somewhat inferior to the component (see above) in terms of video quality, and the bandwidth allows you to work only with a standard definition signal (not HD); and there is no talk of volumetric sound. On the other hand, this connection method has long been used in video technology and can be useful for connecting outdated devices (such as VHS VCRs).
As for the quantity, the presence of several inputs allows you to connect several signal sources to the receiver at once with the corresponding outputs and switch between them through software settings without fiddling with switching cables.
