Number of channels
The maximum number of audio channels that the audio system can reproduce through its own acoustics.
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1.0. One channel of audio allows only monophonic sound — enough to hear the sound, but not providing a surround effect. The advantage of this option is compactness, because For normal operation, it is enough to equip the device with one speaker. The single-channel format is found mainly in inexpensive models, as well as in the most compact audio systems, where small size is more important than "fancy" sound.
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2.0. Two channels is the minimum required to play stereo sound. This format already allows you to achieve a sense of spaciousness without requiring too many speakers and complicating the entire system. Therefore, he is very popular.
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2.1. Modification of the 2.0 format described above,
supplemented by a subwoofer — a specialized speaker for low frequencies. The use of a subwoofer improves sound quality by delivering rich bass sound.
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2.2. A further extension of the 2.1 format described above, providing for the presence of two subwoofers — this improves the reliability of the transmission of low frequencies.
— 3.1. An extended version of the 2.1 standard, in which two classic stereo speakers are complemented not only by a subwoofer, but also by a thi
...rd, centre speaker. This allows you to improve the sound quality — in particular, due to a richer surround sound.
Note that 2.0 models that do not have their own subwoofer may be equipped with a subwoofer output (see below).System power
The total sound power provided by the audio system at maximum volume, in other words, the total power of all the speakers provided by the device (including the subwoofer).
The higher the power, the louder the system will sound and the larger the area it can cover. On the other hand,
high power significantly affects the price, dimensions, weight and power consumption of the device. In addition, when evaluating and comparing according to this indicator, it is worth considering some nuances. Firstly, some manufacturers go to the trick and give in the characteristics not the average, but the peak sound power; such numbers can be quite impressive, but they have very little to do with real loudness. So if it seems to you that the claimed power is too high, it's ok to clarify what exactly is meant in this case. Secondly, when comparing, it is worth considering the presence of a subwoofer — it plays an auxiliary role, but it can account for more than half of the total system power. Because of this, for equal total power, a device with a subwoofer may be quieter than a model without a subwoofer: for example, a 2.0 40W system will have 20W per main channel, while a 2.1 40W model may have 20W per subwoofer, and only 10 watts for the main speakers.
Number of bands
The number of distinct frequency ranges (bands) into which sound is divided when played through the acoustics of an audio system. For each such band, a separate speaker is provided, and sometimes several.
The simplest option provides 1 lane; it is very popular in modern audio systems, because. requires a minimum number of speakers, and the sound quality can be quite good. More advanced options provide 2-3 bands (low and high frequencies, or bass, treble and medium), and in high-end models, the number of bands can be up to five. Note that, in addition to integers, models are also produced with a fractional number of stripes — for example, 2.5 or 3.5. This marking indicates the presence in the design of a speaker responsible for two bands at once: for example, model 2.5 has separate speakers for bass and treble plus a combined bass + midrange (similar in design to bass, but also loaded with mid frequencies).
Anyway, the abundance of bands, usually, indicates a high class of acoustics: the more separate frequency ranges, the narrower the specialization of each speaker, the more accurately it is able to reproduce its part of the signal, and the more complex the system is.
Sensitivity
Sensitivity determines the intensity of the acoustics response to a signal of a certain level; Simply put, the higher this figure, the higher the volume of the speaker system will be at the same signal level. Note that in the case of audio systems, this parameter plays a secondary role: it is important for selecting acoustics for an amplifier, and here both of these components are in most cases optimally matched by the manufacturer to each other.
Frequency range
The total frequency range reproduced by the acoustics of an audio system. Measured from the lower threshold of the lowest frequency speaker to the upper threshold of the highest frequency: for example, in a 2.1 system with main speakers at 100 – 22000 Hz and a subwoofer at 20 – 150 Hz, the total value will be 20 – 22000 Hz.
In general, the wider the frequency range, the fuller the reproduced sound will be, the less low and high frequencies will be lost due to insufficient acoustic capabilities. On the other hand, do not forget that the actual sound quality also depends on a number of other parameters — primarily the frequency response. In addition, human audible frequencies range from 16 Hz to 22 kHz; deviations from these values are very small, and the upper limit also decreases with age. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it does not make sense to provide too large a frequency range; and impressive performances like 10 – 50000 Hz, found in top-class models, are usually more of a kind of "side effect" of high-quality speakers (and at the same time — a marketing ploy) than a really significant moment.
Equalizer
The presence of an equalizer function in the audio system.
Equalizer allows you to change the timbre of the sound by adjusting the volume for individual frequency bands. The simplest version of this adjustment provides 2 bands (high and low frequencies), but most often there are more bands. Anyway, the equalizer can be useful both for fine-tuning the sound to your own preferences, and for compensating for the shortcomings of external or standard acoustics, connected headphones, etc. - for example, if the speakers "fail" certain frequency bands. In addition, many audio systems have a set of equalizer presets (presets), usually designed for different styles of music - "Classic", "Rock", "Pop", etc. You may also be able to create and edit your own presets.
More features
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Omnidirectional sound. As the name suggests, audio systems with this feature emit sound evenly in all directions, covering a 360° space. Thus, the device can be installed in the center of the room and evenly “fill” it with sound, which will be clearly perceived at any point. On the other hand, an omnidirectional system usually sounds in 1.0 format (mono); the design may include various tricks to ensure surround sound, but such systems still fall short of full-fledged stereo in most cases.
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Voice assistant. Support of the audio system of the voice assistant. The most popular assistants nowadays are:
However, other solutions can also be used. In any case, it is worth noting that we are not talking about the function of the audio system itself, but about compatibility with smartphones, tablets and other gadgets that have their own voice assistants. Thus, to use the voice assistant, you will have to connect the audio system to an external device. On the other hand, the capabilities of such assistants are usually more extensive than those of built-in
voice control systems (see below); advanced functions are often supported, such as natural speech recognition with complex queries (“Play the latest album of the band ... that I listened to”), voicing the weather forecast, sports results, etc. Of course, the specific set of supported commands and languages may vary - depending on the voice assistant and its version.
— Voice control. A function that is practically mandatory for smart speakers (see “Purpose”) and is almost never found in other types of audio systems. As the name suggests, this control allows you to control the device using voice commands. It differs from the voice assistant (see the corresponding section) in that in this case we are talking about the simplest commands related to the main functionality of the audio system - for example, “Stop”, “Continue”, “Next track”, etc. It is worth keeping in mind that voice control almost certainly supports English, but the ability to recognize other languages should be clarified separately.
— Mobile application. The ability to control the audio system from a smartphone, tablet or other gadget with a special application installed on it. As a rule, the connection is via Wi-Fi (see "Interfaces"). The convenience of this function is not only that the system can be controlled remotely - the application is often more convenient and provides more options than the controls on the radio itself.
— Multiroom support. The device supports Multiroom technology. This technology allows you to create a single wireless network in your home from several speakers placed in different rooms, and simultaneously play music in all of these rooms. The specific features of such networks may be different in different models, they should be clarified separately. So, some devices use a Bluetooth connection, others - via Wi-Fi (directly or via a local network). In some cases, the control speaker broadcasts sound to all the others, and the same music plays throughout the house, in others, the speakers are "equal", and different tracks can be played simultaneously in different rooms. Some audio systems require an external sound source (smartphone, tablet, etc.), others are capable of playing the role of a player themselves, including for streaming Internet services.
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Karaoke.... A popular entertainment that allows users to sing their favorite songs to a backing track (musical accompaniment with the original vocals cut out) — so that the vocals superimposed on the backing track are reproduced through the acoustics of the audio system. This function requires at least one microphone input.
— Karaoke Mix. An extended version of karaoke (see above), providing various additional options — for example, assessment of performance skills in points, singing competitions, etc. As a rule, it allows you to connect two microphones.
— Internet radio. The ability to listen to Internet radio stations on the audio system. In general, such broadcasting is similar to conventional broadcasting, but it is carried out not via radio, but via the World Wide Web, which provides some additional opportunities. Thus, Internet broadcasting has no restrictions on range and range, allows you to listen to programs from any country and in any language; and the list of broadcasters is extremely extensive, among them there are both traditional radio stations duplicating their broadcasts on the Internet, and specific, purely network projects. The presence of this function assumes support for at least one network interface - Wi-Fi or LAN (see "Interfaces").
— Recording to a USB drive. The ability to operate the audio system in recording mode to an external USB device, such as a flash drive. This allows you to record your favorite radio programs from a regular tuner or Internet station (see above), copy music from optical discs, etc.; specific USB recording capabilities depend on the audio system model.
— Clock. A regular clock is a device for displaying time, most often in the form of numbers on a display. Sometimes it is precisely such a clock that turns out to be the most convenient. In addition, this function is necessary for some other features — primarily an alarm clock (see below).
— Alarm clock. A classic alarm clock that gives a signal at a set time. It can be useful not only for waking up, but also in other cases when it is necessary to warn the user about the onset of a certain time. The peculiarity of this function in audio systems is that the signal can be the switching on of a certain radio station or musical composition.Inputs
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RCA. The RCA interface uses coaxial cables with characteristic "tulip" plugs and corresponding connectors. It can be used to transfer different types of data, however, in this case, it means connecting the audio signal from the preamplifier in analogue format, one channel of audio per connector. RCA is widely used in modern audio technology, but its resistance to interference is very limited.
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Mini-Jack(3.5 mm). Standard connector for most modern portable audio equipment. In audio systems, it is mainly used to connect such equipment — primarily pocket media players. It uses analogue signal transmission, while the resistance to interference, like RCA, is not high, and the quality may even be lower due to the fact that both channels of stereo sound are transmitted over the same cable.
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Coaxial S / P-DIF. An electrical version of the S / P-DIF standard, using a coaxial cable with a “tulip” connector for signal transmission. Do not confuse this interface with the analogue RCA described above — despite the identity of the connectors, these standards are fundamentally different: "coaxial" works in digital format and even multi-channel audio can be transmitted over a single cable. Compared to optical S/P-DIF, this interface is less resistant to interference, but more reliable because electrical cables are not as delicate.
— Optical. One of the va
...rieties of the S / P-DIF standard is, along with the coaxial one described above. In this case, the signal is transmitted via a TOSLINK fibre optic cable. The main advantage of this interface is its complete insensitivity to electrical interference, while its capabilities are sufficient even to work with multi-channel audio. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the high price of connecting cables, as well as the need for careful handling of them.
— Under the microphone. Input for connecting a microphone to an audio system; can use different types of connectors (3.5 mm mini-Jack, 6.35 mm Jack, etc.). This function is mandatory for models with karaoke (see "Advanced"), but can be used for other purposes.
— Instrumental. Connectors used to connect musical instruments (acoustic or bass guitars, keyboards, etc.). Most often they are made in the form of 6.35 mm Jack format sockets. The audio signal from pickups has its own specific characteristics, so the instrument input typically features a higher input level and special impedance matching to ensure optimal sound quality.Outputs
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RCA. The RCA interface uses coaxial cables, with characteristic "tulip" plugs, and the corresponding connectors. It can be used to transfer different types of data, however, in this case, it means outputting an audio signal in analogue format, one channel of audio per connector. RCA is widely used in modern audio technology, but its resistance to interference is very limited.
— Mini-Jack (3.5 mm). One of the standard connectors in modern audio equipment, it is widely used in portable devices, as well as for connecting headphones. However, we note that in this case we mean the jack responsible for the line output — an interface for transmitting an audio signal in analogue format to an external device, such as an amplifier. The headphone jack is listed separately in our catalog, even if it belongs to the 3.5 mm mini-Jack standard; See below for details on headphone output.
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Coaxial S / P-DIF. An electrical version of the S / P-DIF standard, using a coaxial cable with a “tulip” connector for signal transmission. Do not confuse this interface with the analogue RCA described above — despite the identity of the connectors, these standards are fundamentally different: "coaxial" works in digital format and even multi-channel audio can be transmitted over a single cable. Compared to
optical S/P-DIF, this interface is less resistant to interference, but more rel
...iable because electrical cables are not as delicate.
— Optical. One of the varieties of the S / P-DIF standard is, along with the coaxial one described above. In this case, the signal is transmitted via a TOSLINK fiber optic cable. The main advantage of this interface is its complete insensitivity to electrical interference, while its capabilities are sufficient even to work with multi-channel audio. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the high price of connecting cables, as well as the need for careful handling of them.
— Subwoofer. A separate output for connecting an external subwoofer — a specialized low-frequency speaker. The use of such a speaker allows you to significantly improve the sound of low frequencies, make the bass powerful and rich, which general-purpose speakers are not capable of. Note that such an output can also be useful in systems with a built-in subwoofer — external "subwoofers" are in most cases more powerful and provide more options for adjusting the sound.
— Headphones. Separate headphone output. Most often, a standard 3.5 mm mini-Jack or 6.35 Jack is used for this purpose, but there may be other options — for example, a manufacturer's proprietary connector. Anyway, headphones can come in handy in situations where you need to keep quiet — for example, if you want to listen to music at a late time when others are already sleeping — or vice versa, in noisy environments when ambient sounds drown out the speakers of the audio system.
— Composite. The full-size composite interface includes three connectors — one for video transmission and two for left and right stereo channels. However, in this case, a composite output usually means only a video connector (the standard acoustics of the audio system are responsible for the sound, it usually makes no sense to broadcast it to a TV). Anyway, this output allows you to connect the audio system not only to the latest, but also to frankly outdated TVs. Its disadvantages are poor image quality and incompatibility with HD.
— Component. Output for transmitting video signal in analogue format. Outwardly similar to the composite interface described above, because also uses three RCA cables; however, in this case, these cables carry three components of the video signal (hence the name). The component interface is considered the most advanced among the popular analogue video standards, it provides the highest image quality among them and is even capable of working with HD resolutions. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the impossibility of transmitting sound — this will require a separate connection.
— S video. Analogue interface for video transmission. In some way similar to the component described above, since it also provides separate wires for transmitting video signal components; however, in this case there are only two of these wires. This, on the one hand, allowed us to limit ourselves to one connector instead of several, on the other hand, it slightly reduced the quality of the “picture” and limited the bandwidth, so HD is out of the question with such a connection.
— SCART. Universal audio/video interface using a characteristic large 21-pin connector (20 pins plus a rim around the connector). For a long time it was the standard for European video equipment, but today it is considered obsolete due to its low bandwidth and significant dimensions. Note that SCART can work with signals of different formats, which allows the use of adapters — in particular, for connecting external devices via composite and component interfaces.
— HDMI. Universal digital interface that allows you to transfer HD-video and multi-channel audio over a single cable. It is practically a standard for modern video equipment, in particular, it is present in most TVs. In audio systems, this type of output is used in the same way as the coaxial S / P-DIF described above — that is, to output the audio signal in digital form.
