Comparison FiiO BTR5 vs FiiO BTR1K

DAC model — a digital-to-analogue converter installed in the amplifier.

In accordance with the name, the DAC is responsible for converting a digital signal (for example, coming to the optical input or USB, see "Inputs") into an analogue format, with which the amplifier directly works. The presence of such a converter in an external "amplifier" is important, given the fact that many popular signal sources — such as smartphones or built-in sound cards — are equipped with fairly simple and inexpensive DACs with low sound quality; on external equipment, this quality can be much higher. And the quality of the conversion and, accordingly, the characteristics of the output sound directly depend on the characteristics of the DAC: even the most advanced power amplifier will not “save” a signal converted with significant errors. Accordingly, knowing the converter model, you can find detailed data on it — from official specifications to practical reviews — and evaluate how an amplifier with such a module meets your requirements.

The number of audio channels supported by the amplifier; only specified if the number is greater than one.

Since we are talking about dedicated headphone amplifiers, the term “channel” is used in this case in a slightly different sense than is usual in audio technology. This term most often means a set of two traditional channels (left and right), which allows you to provide full stereo sound in headphones. Simply put, the number of channels is the number of stereo sound sources that can be connected to the amplifier at the same time, and the number of headphones that can simultaneously output the signal from these sources. However, in addition to this, other types of channels can be provided — for example, monophonic. However, anyway, each channel uses its own signal source, its own headphone output (or other playback device) and its own set of adjustments.

Thus, on a multi-channel amplifier, several people can simultaneously listen to different sound sources in headphones; and some models are capable of reproducing individual channels also on external acoustics. At the same time, such functionality complicates the design of the device, increases the likelihood of interference and significantly affects the cost (including due to the need to take measures to compensate for interference). Therefore, there are relatively few multi-channel models nowadays, and these are exclusively stationary solutions (see "Type"), designed mainly for professional use....r>
Also note that the number of headphone outputs can be greater than the number of channels; in such cases, several connectors are “attached” to some channels at once, usually of different types (for example, Jack and XLR), which allows the user to choose the option depending on the headphones at hand. Theoretically, the outputs of one channel can be used simultaneously, but it's ok to clarify this possibility separately.

The nominal impedance (impedance) of the headphones for which the amplifier was originally designed.

Modern headphones can have different impedance. In particular, among the most popular options are 16 ohms and 32 ohms, and advanced models have values from 300 ohms and even from 600 ohms. High-resistance is considered to be "ears" with a resistance of 100 ohms. These characteristics improve the purity of the sound, but require increased signal strength — and built-in amplifiers in handheld devices, computer audio cards, etc. usually have difficulty with this. Therefore, external amplifiers are often used for this very purpose — to effectively "shake" high-end headphones with high impedance. For the same reason, some of these amplifiers are not compatible with low-impedance “ears”: there are many devices that require headphones with an impedance of at least 32 ohms, or even higher, and in some models the lower limit of the operating range can reach 100 ohms. As for the maximum resistance, the range of its values is very impressive — from 32 ohms in relatively simple portable "amps" to thousands and even tens of thousands of ohms in high-end stationary models.

Anyway, you should not violate the manufacturer's recommendations for headphone impedance. If the resistance of the “ears” is too low, at best, the sound will be s...ubject to noticeable distortion, at worst, equipment failure and even fire may occur. Too high resistance, in turn, not only reduces the volume, but also worsens the frequency response.

Rated power delivered by the amplifier when connected to headphones (or other load) with an impedance of 32 ohms.

By itself, the rated power is the highest average power that the device is capable of delivering for a long time without overloading; individual "jumps" of the signal may have a higher level, but in general, the capabilities of the amplifier are determined primarily by this indicator. At the same time, the physical features of the audio equipment are such that the actual power delivered to the load will depend on the resistance of this load. Therefore, in the characteristics of headphone amplifiers, data is often given for different impedance values. A resistance of 32 ohms allows you to achieve quite good sound quality by the standards of low-impedance headphones, while it is not so high as to create problems for the built-in amplifiers of smartphones and other compact equipment. Therefore, most wired general-purpose (non-professional) headphones are made precisely in this resistance, and if the amplifier characteristics generally indicate power for a certain impedance, then most often it is for 32 ohms.

In the most modest modern amplifiers, the output power at this impedance is between 10 and 250 mW ; values of 250 – 500 mW can be called average, 500 – 100 mW are above average, and the most powerful models are capable of delivering ...f="/list/788/pr-19429 /">more than 1000 watts. The choice for specific power indicators depends on the sensitivity of the headphones used, as well as on the sound pressure level (in other words, loudness), which is planned to be achieved by the amplifier. There are special formulas and tables that allow you to calculate the minimum required power for a certain volume at a given sensitivity of the "ears". However, in the case of 32-ohm headphones, it does not always make sense to "get into the calculations." For example, the mentioned 10 mW is more than enough to drive headphones with a modest sensitivity of 96 dB to a volume of more than 105 dB — this is already enough to listen to music at quite a decent volume. And in order to achieve the same "ears" level of 120 dB, which provides a full perception of the loudest sounds (like explosions, thunder, etc.), you need to give out a power slightly higher than 251 mW. So in fact, you have to pay attention to this characteristic and resort to calculations / tables mainly in those cases when you have to use 32 Ohm headphones with a relatively low sensitivity — 95 dB or less.

Rated power delivered by the amplifier when connected to headphones (or other load) with an impedance of 16 ohms.

By itself, the rated power is the highest average power that the device is capable of delivering for a long time without overloading; individual "jumps" of the signal may have a higher level, but in general, the capabilities of the amplifier are determined primarily by this indicator. At the same time, the physical features of the audio equipment are such that the actual power delivered to the load will depend on the resistance of this load. Therefore, in the characteristics of headphone amplifiers, data is often given for different impedance values. And 16 ohms is a rather low resistance indicator even for low-resistance "ears"; such characteristics are provided mainly in general-purpose headphones designed for pocket gadgets with low-power amplifiers.

As for the choice for specific power values, it depends on the sensitivity of the headphones used, as well as on the sound pressure level (in other words, loudness) that is planned to be achieved by the amplifier. There are special formulas and tables that allow you to calculate the minimum required power for a certain volume at a given sensitivity of the "ears". At the same time, it is worth noting that at 16 ohms, even the most low-power modern “amps” are capable of delivering about 20 mW — this is enough to drive headphones with a sensitivity of 88 dB (far from the highest figure) to a vo...lume of 105 dB (the minimum value recommended for a complete listening experience). And in most amplifiers, when operated with a given impedance, they provide much more power. So paying attention to this point and going into the calculations makes sense mainly either with low sensitivity of the "ears" (less than the mentioned 88 dB), or if you want to end up with a level above 105 dB.

Frequency range supported by the output amplifier; in other words, the range that this model is capable of delivering to headphones or another analogue audio device.

Theoretically, the wider the frequency range — the richer the sound of the amplifier, the lower the likelihood that the lower or upper edge of audible frequencies will be “cut off”. However, when evaluating this parameter, several nuances should be taken into account. Firstly, the average person is able to hear frequencies from 16 to 22,000 Hz, and with age, these boundaries gradually narrow. However, headphone amplifiers often have wider operating ranges, and they are very impressive — for example, for some models, a set of frequencies from 1 Hz to 60,000 Hz, or even up to 100,000 Hz, is claimed. Such characteristics are a kind of "side effect" from the use of high-end sound processing circuits; from a practical point of view, these numbers do not make much sense, but they are an indicator of the high class of the amplifier and are often used for advertising purposes.

The second nuance is that any headphones also inevitably have their own frequency limitations — and these limitations can be more significant than in an amplifier. Therefore, when choosing, it's ok to take into account the characteristics of the headphones: for example, you should not specifically look for an amplifier with an upper frequency limit of the full 22 kHz, if in the headphones that you plan to use with it, th...is limit is only 20 kHz.

In conclusion, also note that an extensive frequency range in itself does not guarantee high sound quality — it largely depends on other factors (frequency response, distortion level, etc.).

The ratio between the overall level of the desired signal produced by the amplifier and the level of background noise resulting from the operation of electronic components.

It is impossible to completely avoid background noise, but it is possible to reduce it to the lowest possible level. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the clearer the sound produced by the device, the less noticeable its own interference from the amplifier. In the most modest amplifiers from this point of view, this indicator ranges from 70 to 95 dB — not an outstanding, but quite acceptable value even for Hi-Fi equipment. You can often find higher numbers — 95 – 100 dB, 100 – 110 dB and even more than 110 dB. This characteristic is of particular importance when the amplifier operates as a component of a multi-component audio system (for example, "vinyl player — phono stage — preamplifier — headphone amplifier." The fact is that in such systems the final noise of all components at the output is summed up, and for sound purity it is extremely it is desirable that these noises be minimal

Separately, it is worth emphasizing that a high signal-to-noise ratio in itself does not guarantee high sound quality in general.

The coefficient of harmonic distortion that occurs during the operation of the amplifier.

Any electronic circuits are inevitably subject to such distortions, and the quality and reliability of the sound at the output depends on their level. Accordingly, ideally, the harmonic coefficient should be as low as possible. So, as a general rule, a level of 0.09% and below (hundredths of a percent) is considered good, and a level of less than 0.01% (thousandths of a percent) is excellent. The exception is lamp devices: higher values \u200b\u200bare allowed in them (in tenths of a percent), however, this point in many cases is not a drawback, but a feature (for more details, see "Lamp").

It is also worth noting that a low harmonic coefficient is especially important when using the amplifier as part of multicomponent audio systems — for example, when listening to music from a vinyl player with an external phono stage. The fact is that in such systems the sum of distortions from all components affects the final sound — and it, again, should be as low as possible.

Initially, sound transmission via Bluetooth provides a rather strong signal compression, which can greatly spoil the impression when listening to music. To eliminate this shortcoming, various technologies are used (the most popular of which is the aptX codec). Of course, in order to use any of the technologies, it must be supported not only by the amplifier, but also by the Bluetooth device with which it is used.

— aptX. A Bluetooth codec designed to greatly improve the quality of Bluetooth audio. According to the creators, it allows to achieve quality comparable to Audio CD (16-bit/44.1kHz). The benefits of aptX are most noticeable when listening to high-quality content, but even on regular MP3 it can provide a noticeable improvement in sound.

aptX Low Latency. A specific variation of the aptX described above, designed not so much to improve sound quality, but to reduce delays in signal transmission. Such delays inevitably occur when working via Bluetooth; they are not critical for listening to music, however, when watching videos or playing games, there may be a noticeable out of sync between the image and sound. The aptX LL codec eliminates this phenomenon by reducing latency to 32ms, a difference that is imperceptible to human perception (although it is still too high for serious tasks like studio work with sound).

— AAC. A codec used primarily in Apple portable technology to improve Bluetooth audio. In this sense, it is similar to aptX...(see relevant paragraphs), but noticeably inferior to it in terms of capabilities: if the sound of aptX is compared with Audio CD, then AAC is at the level of a medium-quality MP3 file. However, this is quite enough for listening to the same MP3s, the difference becomes noticeable only on more advanced formats.