Screen
— Display size. The diagonal size of the e-reader display in " (1 " is approximately equal to 2.5 cm). The larger the screen, the higher its resolution (see Display Resolution) and the more text you can display on it at one time. However, it is worth considering that the size of the screen also directly affects the size of the device itself. There are
books 6 ",
7 ",
10 " and even
13 ".
— Display resolution. The display size of the e-reader in pixels horizontally and vertically. The higher the display resolution (from the popular
800x600,
1024x758,
1200x825) - the clearer, more detailed image it can reproduce; in particular, on higher-resolution displays, letters appear smoother and lines appear smoother overall.
High resolution is especially important for large diagonal displays.
— Execution technology. Electronic book displays are made using paper-like technology (
E Ink,
E Ink Carta,
E Ink Carta Mobius,
E Ink Carta Plus,
E Ink Kaleido and subsequent editions of Kaleido).
— E Ink. Historically the first and most wi
...despread technology today. Each pixel of such a display is an oil-filled bubble containing two groups of pigment particles - black and white. Control electrodes are connected to each bubble at the top and bottom. Particles of different colors have different charges; Thus, by applying certain pulses to the electrodes, it is possible to determine which pigment will be on top and, accordingly, what the visible color of the pixel will be. At the same time, using combinations of white and black pigment in different proportions, you can achieve not only pure white or pure black, but also different gradations of gray. E Ink screens have good reflectivity, but are more expensive.
— E Ink Card. An updated version of the classic E Ink e-paper (see above), introduced in 2013. With the same energy efficiency indicators, it provides significantly higher contrast and reflectivity - in other words, the image on such a screen looks sharper and more pleasing to the eye. In addition, Carta uses optimized refresh technology that smoothes the image when pages are re-rendered and further improves the user experience. With such screens it is possible to use sensors and LED backlights.
- E Ink Carta Mobius. The basis of screens made using E Ink Carta Mobius technology is not the usual glass substrate, but a special flexible plastic. There are already prototypes of electronic readers with folding displays based on this technology, which resemble the format of a classic paper book. In general, Mobius displays turned out to be stronger and more reliable than e-reader screens on glass substrates.
- E Ink Card Plus. An advanced version of E Ink Carta technology with a high pixel density of about 300 ppi. Images and text on such displays are incredibly smooth and detailed, and the number of artifacts when partially redrawing pages is kept to a minimum. E Ink Carta Plus screens often support touch controls and are compatible with LED backlighting systems.
- E Ink Kaleido. Colored digital paper for comfortable reading of illustrated books, textbooks and electronic editions of glossy magazines. Similar reader screens are built on a substrate made of a traditional black-and-white E Ink panel, on top of which an array of color filters is applied. Paper-like displays based on Kaleido technology are capable of displaying 16 levels of gray and 4096 color shades.
- E Ink Kaleido Plus. An improvement on the original Kaleido technology, the Plus version has reduced the distance between the layers of color photo filters and monochrome ink, and also modernized the backlight system. As a result, screens based on this technology produce brighter and more saturated colors. E Ink Kaleido Plus allows you to create color displays with a diagonal of 7.8 " and larger.
— E Ink Kaleido 3. The substrate for such screens was the black-and-white film E Ink Carta (see above), on top of which an array of color photo filters E Ink Print Color ePaper was placed. Optimization of the display structure made it possible to increase color saturation by a good third (compared to Kaleido Plus technology). At the same time, Kaleido's third-generation screens are now equipped with front-lit E Ink ComfortGaze for ease of reading in low-light conditions and even in complete darkness. Readers with similar displays are available in standard sizes of 7.8, 10.3 and 13.3 " diagonally.
— SiPix. A relatively recent technology. In such screens, unlike E Ink, each pixel bubble contains not two types of pigments, but only one - white; The role of the black pigment is played by the liquid filling the bubble. These displays are easier and cheaper to produce than E Ink, but are less reflective and can result in a grayer appearance.
— Color depth. The number of colors displayed by the e-reader screen. For black-and-white screens, color depth is expressed in the number of shades of gray; for color screens, it is expressed in the total number of colors displayed. The larger this number, the more realistic and close to the original the image is displayed. However, we note that in practice, color depth matters only for viewing graphic materials (drawings, comics, web pages, etc.) - for ordinary text, in the vast majority of cases, white and black colors are sufficient.
- Touchscreen. The screen is pressure sensitive and can serve as an additional input device. With such a screen, the reader’s main functions (menu navigation, page turning) can often be used without using any hardware keys at all. And sometimes the touch display even expands the functionality of the device - for example, a keyboard for typing can be displayed on the screen, which is especially important for readers that are not equipped with a hardware QWERTY keyboard (see QWERTY keyboard).
— Protected screen. In the context of electronic “readers”, it is customary to use coatings made of special tempered glass to protect the screen from scratches and mechanical damage. Thus, the most vulnerable part of the e-book receives protection from negative environmental factors. An unobvious advantage of the protected screen is that it gives the device a more modern appearance, because e-readers usually have displays recessed into the case, and with protective glass it will be flush with the entire plane of the front panel.
— Backlight. The e-reader has a display backlight system. This allows you to use the reader in low light conditions or in the dark, but the use of backlight significantly affects battery life (which is especially noticeable in devices based on e-paper). Almost all readers with TFT screens have this function, but it is not always found with paper-like screens - therefore, external lighting systems are specially produced for such books (for example, a case with a built-in light bulb).Button control
The presence of a touch screen allows you to configure and control the device using the display. However, for greater convenience, in many e-readers, regardless of the type of screen, the
buttons still act as the main controls. Firstly, they can be pressed with gloves or wet hands. Secondly, holding a book with two hands is much easier to press the button to turn the page than to swipe your finger across the screen.
Operating system
A software product that ensures the correct operation of the installed software and convenient management of e-book functions. Conventionally, the family of "readers" is divided into two large camps: some work under the Android OS (in various versions of
Android 6.0,
Android 9.0,
Android 10,
Android 11,
Android 12), others run Linux. The Android system is not always well adapted to the features of the e-book interface, but a significant trump card up its sleeve is support for installing applications from the Google store.
Linux -led readers stay afloat longer in offline mode, but most of them cannot be installed with third-party applications.
Material
The main material used for the body of an e-book.
—
Plastic. Plastic enclosures are inexpensive, light in weight, and provide enough strength for everyday use. It is also worth noting that there are many grades of this material, and the quality of the plastic used for the body usually directly depends on the price category of the book. Of the unequivocal disadvantages of this option, low scratch resistance can be called; in addition, if the plastic is glossy, prints and stains instantly appear on it.
—
Metal. Most often in cases, metal refers to aluminium alloy. One of the key advantages of this material is durability. In addition, the metal resists scratches very well and gives the device solidity — both in appearance and in the feel in the hands. It weighs a little more than plastic, but often it is this moment that provides the mentioned solidity. The unequivocal disadvantage of metal cases is a rather high cost.
—
Magnesium Alloy. Such alloys are superior in strength to metal, while they have a relatively small weight and excellent heat dissipation. However, this material is not cheap. Therefore, it is used quite rarely and mainly in combination with other, usually more accessible materials.
