Power Saws: specifications, types

The device describes first of all the general principle of operation of the saw. The variety of modern saw is quite large: chain saw, ( band saw ( for wood and metal), reciprocating saw (including alligators), circular saw (including gas cutters), miter saw, cutting saw, combined saw, radial-cantilever saw. Here are the main features of these varieties :

- Chain. Saws, the working element of which is a chain with teeth of a special shape. The chain is closed in a ring and during operation moves along an oval-shaped guide bar. In common parlance, the name “chainsaw” most often means this particular type of saw, but chain units can also be electric. In general, chain saw are widely used both for wood (felling trees, trimming branches, etc.) and for other materials - in particular, for concrete and ice. Almost all instruments of this design are portable (see “Type”)

— Tape on wood. All band saw use a looped metal band with teeth as a working element. At the same time, unlike chain models, there is no tire in the design, and the necessary rigidity of the belt...is achieved solely through the tension between two rollers. As for tape models specifically for wood, they are all made exclusively stationary (see “Type”) - this is one of the key differences from similar tools for metal (another difference is the design features of the blade itself).

— Tape for metal. Band saw designed for working on metal. In addition to the design features of the tape itself, they differ from wood models (see above) in that this type of saw can be made both stationary and portable. At the same time, hand-held band saw can be a good alternative to traditional hacksaws - although they are noticeably more expensive and heavier, and also require a power source, they have higher productivity and require virtually no effort.

- Saber. A type of saw, also called “electric hacksaw”. According to the key principle of operation, they are similar to conventional hacksaws: the blade of such a saw moves back and forth during operation. One of the key advantages of reciprocating saw is their compactness, which allows them to be used in cramped spaces where there is not enough space for a circular saw or chain saw. At the same time, replacement blades are quite universal; they are produced for different materials: wood, metal, concrete, stone. And some blades allow you to make neat cuts even in a combined material - for example, a roof that combines wood, roofing felt and metal.

— Circular (disc). The working element in such saw is a rotating rim with teeth (for wood) or a diamond abrasive coating (for stone, glass and other special materials). It allows you to make straight cuts quickly and easily, but the depth of cut is limited by the radius of the blade. Note that some types of saw described below also use a disc, but due to their specialization they are divided into separate categories. Specifically, circular saw can be either portable or stationary; the second type is usually made in the form of a table with the edge of the rim protruding above the surface - this makes it easier to work with long parts.

- Trimming. A variant of a circular saw designed for cross-sections of processed materials - boards, slabs, beams, etc. They have only a stationary structure (see “Type”), and the cutting rim can rise and fall relative to the base. On the base there is a platform with a mount for the workpiece; Many models are equipped with additional stops for long parts and/or devices for placing workpieces at an angle. When such a saw operates, the rotating rim is lowered onto the workpiece at the point of the cut, ensuring cutting; Most models allow the disc to be tilted relative to the base, for bevel cuts.

- Combined. Saws that allow two options for use - both as a miter saw and as a stationary circular saw. See above for more information about these varieties. Here we note that the combination saw resembles a miter tool, the upper moving part of which (with the motor and rim) is equipped with an additional table. Thanks to this, you can also use the saw as a stationary “circular saw” - by lowering the rim all the way and securing it in this position. The main disadvantage of such universal models is their rather high cost, which is why they are used mainly in the professional field.

- Cut-off. A specific type of miter saw, designed exclusively for working on metal - for cutting metal tubes, rods, profile elements and other parts where a large cutting length is not required. The design of such units is almost completely similar to cross-cut units, with the exception of the type of disks used and more powerful motors.

— Radial-cantilever. A specific type of miter saw. They use a cutting mechanism in the form of a rim, but it is installed not under the desktop, but above it, on a console - a special design that resembles a miniature crane. The “boom” of this crane can be rotated from side to side, and the cutting disc can be moved back and forth on it and rotated relative to the vertical. This makes the saw very maneuverable and expands its capabilities, but has a noticeable impact on its dimensions and cost.

- Petrol cutter. In fact, a gas cutter is a modification of a circular saw (see above), equipped, as the name suggests, with a gasoline engine. Such engines combine high power and autonomy; Their features are described in more detail in paragraph “Power source”. Here we note that gas cutters work well not only with wood, but also with concrete, stone and other similar materials, due to which they are widely used in construction and rescue work.

— Alligator. A peculiar modification of reciprocating saw (see the corresponding paragraph). Alligator instruments have two blades moving back and forth in antiphase: while one blade moves forward, the other moves backward. Due to this, the accuracy and safety of work significantly increases - the mutual movement of the blades reduces the risk that the saw may be pulled to the side. On the other hand, the cut is wider, and the tools themselves are more bulky, heavy and expensive than reciprocating saw.

— Portable. Hand tools designed to hold on weight during work. The main advantage of such saws, in accordance with the name, is mobility and ease of carrying from place to place. In addition, such a tool can "climb" into hard-to-reach places, as well as work with parts that cannot be brought to a stationary saw. On the other hand, portable units are more demanding on the skills of the operator, require increased caution, and are also less suitable for long-term work — holding the tool on weight for a long time can be very tiring. Portable, by definition, are all chain and reciprocating saws, as well as gas cutters and "alligators"(see "Device"); in addition, many disk units and some tape ones belong to this type.

— Stationary. Saws that have a stand and are placed on the floor, workbench or other similar surface during operation. Such tools are much larger and heavier than portable ones, they are designed to be permanently in one place and do not require frequent carrying. On the other hand, stationary saws are more convenient to use than portable saws, they are less tiring and more accurate. In addition, the design of such units may include stops, rulers and other devices for additional convenience of sawing (including cutting at an angle). Stationary are all miter, cutting, combined and radial-cantilever saws (see "Device"), as well...as many circular and most band saws.

By type of power source, all modern saw can be divided into electric and gasoline. The common difference between them is that electrical units are more compact and lighter, less noisy, easy to maintain and do not produce exhaust gases, so they can be used indoors without restrictions. Petrol tools, in turn, combine high power and independence from power grids, but they are heavy, bulky, more difficult to operate and repair, more expensive (both in terms of their own cost and fuel price) and are generally designed for use outside premises. Therefore, most modern saw are made electric, which in turn can use different types of power:

- Power supply (230 V). Connection to a standard 230 V household network, in other words, a regular socket. This option can be used both in portable saw and in stationary tools of relatively low power (up to 3.5 kW). There are sockets almost everywhere where there is electricity at all, and the operating time of such units is almost unlimited (as long as there is voltage in the network). The main disadvantage of such a power supply is the presence of a power cord that does not allow you to go far from the outlet (and with a portable tool, you also have to make sure that the cord does not get under the canvas).

- Power supply (110 V). Tools powered in the American and Japanese manners - from power networks with a voltage of 110...V. Power tools with such an operating supply voltage are produced for the market of North and Central America, the Land of the Rising Sun, Saudi Arabia. Also, 110 V power grids are found in the UK. To avoid tool failure when connected to standard 230 V household networks, you will need an additional link in the face of a step-down transformer or a special 110 V converter.

- Power supply (400 V). Powered by a three-phase power supply with a voltage of 400 V. Such power is suitable even for high-power saw, but it is far from being available everywhere - basically a three-phase connection is available in workshops, workshops and other industrial premises. Therefore, this option is found exclusively in stationary tools (see "Type") of high power, for which a conventional socket is no longer enough.

- Accumulator. Powered by own battery. The main advantages of this option are mobility, the ability to work independently of sockets and the absence of a power cord that can interfere with work. On the other hand, such a power supply is not suitable for high-power saw, other things being equal, a cordless tool turns out to be noticeably heavier and more expensive than a mains one, and the operating time is limited by the battery charge. However, in most cases, the battery is made removable, which allows you to keep several batteries ready and change them as needed.

- Battery / power supply (230 V). Tools that allow two power options - from an outlet and from its own battery. See above for more details on each option, and their combination makes the saw as versatile as possible. So, if there are sockets nearby, you can work from the network, saving battery power (or even recharging it in the process), and if there is a problem with the sockets or the network cable interferes with work, you can switch to the battery. On the other hand, such versatility affects the price, and the tool itself still turns out to be more cumbersome and heavy than a purely network one.

The volume of the engine of a gasoline saw (see "Power source"). On the one hand, the power and performance of the tool depend on this indicator, on the other hand, its weight, price and fuel consumption. Accordingly, it is necessary to choose a model taking into account the specifics of the planned work, and it does not always make sense to chase large volumes. In particular, for simple household tasks, an engine capacity of about 40 – 50 cm3 is considered quite sufficient, and in professional models this figure can exceed 100 cm3. More detailed selection recommendations can be found in special sources.

The location of the motor in the electric portable saw (see "Type").

- Longitudinally. The longitudinal arrangement allows you to achieve a good balance, allowing you to work comfortably in different positions; this is especially true for cutting branches from trees and other similar work, where the cutting plane can be located at different angles. In addition, such a tool has a smaller width and a longer length, which can make it easier to work in hard-to-reach places. On the other hand, such saws are more expensive than cross-cut saws.

- Transversely. The transverse arrangement of the engine slightly worsens the balance compared to the longitudinal one and makes it difficult to saw along an inclined plane, at an angle to the vertical. In addition, the length of such saws is noticeably shorter. However, for the simplest work with sawing from top to bottom, they are no worse than longitudinal ones, but they are much cheaper. Yes, and a small length in some cases can also be a virtue.

Saw motor power in watts. For petrol tools (see "Power Source"), horsepower is additionally indicated, see below for details.

The higher the power, the better the tool is suitable for voluminous work and hard materials, the greater the depth of cut it can provide and the easier it can cope with significant loads. In addition, for different types of saws and different types of materials, the actual power values \u200b\u200bcan also be different. For example, a power of 2.5 – 3 kW is actually the limit for chain saws, but in chain saws this is an average figure, among such tools there are models of 3 – 4 kW and even more. Detailed selection recommendations for various cases can be found in special sources.

The power of the saw engine expressed in horsepower (hp). This designation is traditionally used in gasoline models (see "Power Source") along with watts; 1 HP ≈ 735 W.

For more information about power, see the paragraph of the same name above.

The speed of rotation of the engine in a saw with an internal combustion engine (see "Power") with no load on the blade and with the speed controller fully released (set to minimum). Theoretically, the lower the idle speed, the lower the fuel consumption without load (ceteris paribus); however, the difference between modern chainsaws is usually so insignificant that this parameter is more of a reference than a real practical value.

The highest speed that the saw engine is capable of delivering in normal operation.

We emphasize that this parameter should not be confused with the maximum disk speed (see below) — here we are talking exclusively about the speed of rotation of the motor shaft. It can be specified for all types of saws, not only for models using discs. However, in general, engine speed is more of a reference than really significant information. In fact, it is needed mainly for some specific tool maintenance tasks; when choosing, it is better to focus on indicators that are more “close to life” — engine power, cutting depth, chain / tape speed or disk speed, etc.

The maximum speed of the disk, provided by a saw of the appropriate design — disk, cut-off, etc. (see "Device").

Note that most of these saws use gearboxes, so that the blade revolutions are much lower than the engine revolutions (see above). This achieves an increase in torque, which in the case of saws is often more important than the high speed of the blade.

As for the specific number of revolutions, it is first of all worth noting that only saws with the same disc diameter can be compared according to this indicator. In these cases, higher speeds provide better performance, but the trade-off is reduced torque; such saws do better with relatively "light" materials. Conversely, low speeds reduce productivity, but allow the blade to effectively "bite" even into dense, stubborn workpieces. More specific recommendations regarding the choice of a saw according to the number of revolutions of the blade can be found in special sources.

The largest tyre size (in chain saws) or disc (in circular saws and some others, see "Device") that is allowed for this tool. Tyres are sized by working length, rims by diameter.

A larger bar/wheel allows for deeper cuts but requires more powerful motors. Therefore, this parameter cannot be exceeded — this can lead to an overload of the engine with all the corresponding troubles. However, in many models with a disc it is physically impossible to install a nozzle with a diameter larger than the maximum allowable.

Also note that saws with similar bar/blade sizes may differ in maximum depth of cut (mostly due to differences in design or power). As for the specific dimensions, they depend on the type of saw (see "Device"). For example, large discs of 450 – 500 mm are found exclusively in stationary chain saws, the maximum figure for cutting models is 400 – 450 mm, for trimming — 300 – 350 mm, and sizes of 500 – 550 mm or more clearly indicate that speech It's about a chainsaw chainsaw bar. Detailed recommendations regarding the choice of a tool for a given size can be found in special sources.

The diameter of the mounting hole for which the blade holder in the saw of the corresponding design is designed (see "Device"). In fact, this paragraph indicates the diameter of the axis on which the disk is installed — this size should correspond to the hole in the disk itself.

Note that some models of saws allow the installation of discs with larger holes than indicated in the specifications — when using an adapter sleeve. The main thing is that the own diameter of the disk does not exceed the values \u200b\u200ballowed for this model (see "Tyre / disk diameter"). Popular sizes include 20mm, 25mm and 30mm.

The greatest depth of cut provided by the saw.

In most types of saws (see “Device”), the depth of cut directly depends on both the engine power and the size of the tyre / disk. The specifications give a value for the maximum allowable size of the working nozzle; when using nozzles of a smaller size, the depth of cut, respectively, will be less. But in band saws, this depth is rather weakly related to the actual length of the tape — it is determined primarily by the length of the open section of the tape, which is directly involved in the work.

Anyway, the greater depth of cut makes the tool more versatile, but comes at the cost of weight, price, and electricity/fuel consumption. So when choosing, it is worth considering the real features of the planned work and the dimensions of the workpieces that are planned to be cut. As for specific values, the most modest tools provide a depth of up to 50 mm ; 50 – 75 mm is considered a low indicator, 75 – 100 mm is average, 100 – 125 mm is above average, 125 – 150 mm is already quite an impressive thickness, and the most powerful modern saws can have a cutting depth of more than 150 mm.

Maximum cutting depth achieved when sawing at a 45° bevel.

This feature is indicated only for those models that are originally designed for sawing at an angle — for example, due to the special design of the attachment for the blade / blade (in stationary models, see "Type") or due to the inclined support platform (in manual) . The maximum angle of inclination of the saw in such models can be different (see below for more details), however, 45 ° is considered the standard option, so it is for this inclination that data on the depth of cut is given.

The general meaning of this parameter is quite obvious. On the one hand, a greater depth of cut allows you to cope with thicker workpieces and generally gives you more options; on the other hand, an increase in depth requires an increase in the size of the disk / canvas and an increase in power, which, accordingly, affects the price, dimensions and consumption of electricity / fuel.

The greatest thickness of steel workpiece that a reciprocating saw can handle. Note that in practice, the maximum cutting depth will depend on the grade of steel and the characteristics of the material. It is not recommended to exceed the declared indicators - this is fraught with undesigned loads on the tool with all the ensuing consequences.

The kerf width determines the maximum size of the cutting line, and therefore the maximum width of the workpiece that the saw can cut through in one go. The value of the kerf width depends primarily on the diameter of the saw blade. Additionally, the stroke of the broach mechanism should also be taken into account. Saws with a pulling mechanism provide a cut that exceeds the diameter of the cutting blade.

The total length of the blade of a band or reciprocating saw (see "Device"). The greater this length, the more powerful and performant the tool, usually, the greater the thickness of the materials with which it can cope. Also, data on the length of the web may be needed if there is a need to replace it.

The largest blade width that a band saw can work with (see "Device"). The wider the tape — the less likely it is to break under heavy loads, the better it is suitable for hard, difficult-to-cut materials; accordingly, the high power of the saw itself usually means the ability to work with fairly wide bands. In addition, for different types of work, the optimal dimensions of the canvas also differ; this point is described in more detail in specialized sources.

The distance that, during operation, the reciprocating saw blade (see "Device") passes from one extreme point to another; in other words, the amplitude of the web vibration in normal operation. The larger the stroke (at the same stroke frequency, see below) — the greater the part of the blade in contact with the material being processed in one movement and the more performant the saw (although the power is needed for this).

The highest frequency of blade strokes provided by a reciprocating saw (see "Device") in normal operation. A higher frequency, on the one hand, increases productivity and provides a more accurate cut, on the other hand, it increases the load on the blade and requires a rather high power.

Regular chain pitch for which the chain saw is designed (see "Device"). A step is the distance between two adjacent chain teeth; the greater this distance, the higher the productivity of the saw, however, for a large step, higher power is required, and the cut is rougher. Therefore, this parameter largely determines the class of the saw and the specifics of the work for which it is designed. The current standard options are:

— 1/4". The smallest size, found in a low power tool — 1-1.5 hp. It has not received wide popularity due to poor performance.

— 0.325 ". One of the most popular options among amateur-class tools. Saws for such a chain have a power of up to 3 – 3.5 hp, they are suitable for both cutting branches and felling trees of small thickness.

— 3/8 ". He is 0.375". Slightly larger pitch than 0.325" is better suited for rough scale work. Also considered a household and semi-professional option, very popular.

— 0.404 ". The largest tooth pitch in modern chain saws. Rare, used in the most powerful professional tools designed for heavy work — for example, logging.

Note that it is allowed to install chains on saws with a finer pitch than the regular one, but not with a larger one. The latter is fraught not only with a decrease in the quality of work, but also with a critical increase in loads, with the possibility of tool breakage.

The maximum speed of the chain relative to the material that a saw of the appropriate design can provide (see "Device"). Higher speed allows to achieve faster and cleaner cuts, but requires more engine power; low speed, in turn, reduces productivity, but allows you to achieve good traction with a relatively low engine power. More detailed recommendations regarding this parameter can be found in special sources.

The maximum speed of the band relative to the material that the band saw can provide (see "Device"). Higher speed allows for faster and cleaner cuts, but requires more engine power; low speed, in turn, reduces productivity, but allows you to achieve good traction with a relatively low engine power. More detailed recommendations regarding this parameter can be found in special sources.

The number of operating speeds provided in the tool. Specified only if there are more than one velocities. The larger this number, the more settings the user has at his disposal, the more extensive the possibilities for setting the operating mode for a particular situation.

Note that in some models, instead of several speeds, a smooth adjustment of the number of revolutions may be provided (see "Functions — preset revolutions ").

The maximum angle at which the working part of the saw can be tilted relative to the vertical. It can be indicated not only for stationary tools, but also for manual ones — in the event that the design provides for a support platform. It is worth paying attention to this parameter if you have to deal with oblique cuts: making such cuts by setting the saw to a certain angle is much more convenient than adjusting this angle manually.

The largest angle at which the working part of the saw can be rotated relative to the standard position (note that we are not talking about tilt, but about turning from side to side). This feature is often found in miter saws (see Device) which are not limited to straight cuts; turning the saw is the most convenient, and sometimes the only way to cut the workpiece obliquely.

Miter saws have a broach system, which, thanks to parallel rails, allows the saw blade to move relative to the desktop back and forth along the cut line. This facilitates work with workpieces of large width, but significantly affects the weight and dimensions of the entire structure. At the same time, the guides along which the rails move can be both frontal and rear. The first type makes the design more compact, since no elements stick out. The second type, at the expense of compactness, makes the design more reliable.

Circular portable saws with the placement of the saw rotation module on the left relative to the body axis. This facilitates the work, as the cut line is better visible (it is very convenient to make long cuts according to the markup). An unpleasant moment may be unusual, as well as some difficulties that arise for right-handers when cutting narrow strips (because the sole does not fully rest on the right side of the sawn off part, but, as it were, “hangs in the air”). Also, if you already had experience using a circular with a standard disc placement on the right, you will need to spend more time to get used to this “beast”.

— Chain brake. A device that ensures the saw stops during the so-called. reverse kick. In accordance with the name, it is used in chain saw (see “Device”). Kickback can occur, in particular, when the very tip (toe) of the tire comes into contact with the material being processed. The bar and chain are thrown towards the operator, which can lead to injury. To avoid this, a chain brake is provided: during a reverse strike, it stops the saw almost instantly.

— Anti-vibration system. Various design solutions that reduce tool vibration during operation. Strong vibrations, especially long-term ones, negatively affect the quality of work and condition of the tool, and also lead to rapid fatigue of the operator; The anti-vibration system allows to eliminate these phenomena to a certain extent.

— Keyless chain tension. Possibility of adjusting chain tension in chain saw (see “Device”) without the use of special tools - wrenches, screwdrivers, etc. This function is especially convenient in light of the fact that during more or less long-term operation, the saw needs to be periodically checked and, if necessary, the chain must be tightened right on the spot - and this is more convenient to do without unnecessary devices.

— Oil-free saw set. Saws that do not require additional lubrication of sawing equipment. Such models...are unsuitable for long, productive cuts and are suitable for minor work. But the absence of the need for lubrication greatly simplifies the maintenance of the device and “keeping it in shape.”

- Smooth start. A special control system used in electric saw (see “Power source”). Without a soft start, the electric motor “starts” very abruptly, which leads to jerking of the saw and creates the risk of letting go of it. In addition, when started in this way, the tool consumes high currents, creating a significant load on the electrical network. The soft start system allows you to avoid these phenomena: the electronics limit the starting currents of the electric motor, avoiding tool jerks and voltage surges in the network.

— Electronic engine protection. A protection system that turns off power to the saw motor in the event of a critical increase in load - for example, when the disk/chain jams. Such systems are used in electric saw (see “Power source”). They help avoid damage to the unit due to overload. At the same time, we note that the electronic protection is reusable; after it is triggered and the problem is eliminated, it is enough to turn on the power again - and the saw can be used again.

— Brushless motor. The presence of a brushless (brushless) motor in an electric saw (see “Power source”). Such electric motors have a number of advantages over traditional commutator motors: in particular, they are more economical in terms of energy consumption, less noisy, and do not spark, which can be important in conditions of increased fire danger. The disadvantages of brushless motors are complexity and high cost.

— Engine brake. A device that additionally brakes the engine when the tool is turned off. The engine itself (and, accordingly, the working attachment) after switching off can still rotate for quite a long time by inertia; the brake stops this rotation almost immediately, so you don’t have to hold the tool suspended for extra time.

— Safety clutch. A device that protects the operator from sudden jerks, as well as the engine from damage due to a sharp increase in load. In such cases, the overload clutch disconnects the motor shaft, avoiding overload. Note that such devices can be either reusable or disposable - the latter are destroyed when triggered, and to continue operation you will need to install a new coupling.

— Laser marker. A kind of “target designator” that allows you to clearly determine where the cut will go. To do this, a clearly visible line is projected onto the workpiece, the location of which corresponds to the location of the future cut.

— Backlight. Lighting system built into the saw. This feature is definitely desirable when working in low light conditions. However, it can also be useful in bright external light: the place of work is often in the shadow (for example, from the tool itself), and without special lighting it can be difficult to work in such conditions.

— Speed regulator. The ability to limit the rotation speed of the saw motor (and, accordingly, the speed of the blade). This function is essentially a smooth speed control; it is especially useful in cases where full speed is not required - for example, when working with soft materials that require delicate processing.

— Maintaining speed. A function that ensures maintaining a constant engine speed (and, accordingly, a constant blade speed) regardless of the load on the tool. To do this, the tool’s automation regulates the output power depending on the current load: when the load increases, the power increases, when it decreases, it decreases. Permanent operating speed has a positive effect on both the quality of the cut and the service life of the blade and the durability of the entire tool.

— Stationary installation. Possibility of installing a portable saw (see “Type”) in a stationary manner. Most often, this feature is provided in circular saw (see “Device”), and for a stationary installation such a saw is usually turned “upside down” and fixed on a workbench or other base - thus, the sole turns into an impromptu work table. In addition, there are reciprocating saw with a similar function. In them, a stationary installation means the ability to secure the saw directly to the workpiece using a clamp - this allows you to make an even cut without the need to hold the saw suspended and constantly control its position in your hands.

— Water cooling (coolant). The saw has a water cooling system. In this case, we are talking about cooling the workpiece and the blade: water is constantly supplied to the cutting site using a special pump. Thanks to this, the heating of the blade is reduced, its service life is increased, the quality of the cut is improved and the amount of dust generated during sawing is noticeably reduced. The method of collecting water supply may be different: some models need to be connected to a water supply, others are equipped with their own water tanks. Note that water cooling is not required for sawing wood; but when working on stone, concrete and other hard and dense materials, it can be very useful.

— Keyless blade replacement. Possibility of replacing the saw blade without using wrenches, screwdrivers or other special tools. In other words, to replace the blade, the user does not have to look for an additional tool - you can open the fasteners, change the blade and secure it manually.

— Pendulum stroke. The presence of a pendulum function in the reciprocating saw (see “Device”). With this stroke, the blade, making a reverse movement, deviates slightly from the cutting line in the direction opposite to the teeth. This increases the cutting speed, reduces the heating of the blade and makes it easier to remove sawdust from the working area. At the same time, the pendulum stroke somewhat reduces the quality of the cut and is not suitable for curved lines. Therefore, this function is usually made switchable, and in some models it is also adjustable: using the switch you can change the amplitude of the pendulum.

— Display. The display shows important information about the operating modes of the saw. This can be: current strength, cutting speed, number of passes, operating time, etc. The information displayed on the screen depends on the modification of the sawing tool.

— Synchronization with a smartphone. The ability to connect the instrument with a smartphone or other gadget (for example, a tablet) via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. The mobile application can provide information about the condition of the saw: battery charge level, temperature, etc., and proprietary software often warns the user about the need to service the tool or replace parts. Some stationary saw support remote control from a smartphone (turn on/off, adjust speed, select operating mode, configure various parameters, etc.). Finally, the mobile application can be used to set a password for starting the tool or logging work performed.

- Disc. The presence of a saw blade is included in the delivery set of the circular tool. It can be either one or several, which allows you to use the saw “out of the box” without the need to purchase additional consumables. If you already have a saw blade or intend to select it for specific tasks, it is worth taking a closer look at the configurations without a blade - they are usually cheaper.

- Chain. One or more chains included as standard with the saw. The presence of a chain with teeth for cutting allows you to do without purchasing a separate executive body for chain saw. However, there are configurations without a chain - it is assumed that the customer already has a chain or he will select the required option himself.

— Saw blade. The presence of one or more saw blades in the complete set of a reciprocating or band tool. They ensure that the saw is ready for use literally immediately after unpacking. There are also configurations of reciprocating or band models without a saw blade - they are cheaper, and the customer has the right to choose a suitable blade independently.

— Dust collector. A dust collector is included with the saw. The dust collector is a container for collecting sawdust and other d...ebris generated during operation; As a rule, such a container is made removable. Installing a dust collector slightly increases the dimensions of the entire tool, but this is compensated by cleanliness and convenience: dust and other production waste mostly settle in the container and not on surrounding objects.

- Charger. The presence of a charging block in the package allows you to charge batteries. Accordingly, for models with batteries, this accessory is necessary to power the battery. However, there are models without a charger. And saw with it may differ in the charger model, the name of which will allow you to learn more about its characteristics and, if necessary or if required (breakdown), purchase a similar one.

— Case (bag). Availability of a case or bag included with the instrument. A case is a container-suitcase made of hard material; bags are usually made of soft material. This way the case provides maximum protection and the bag can be folded away compactly when not in use. The specific type of case that comes with the saw should be specified separately. However, in any case, a complete case or bag will be more convenient for storing and transporting the instrument than impromptu packaging.

- Stand. The stand makes the saw tool more stable, reliable and safe. The presence of a stand is typical for stationary type saw. Mostly these are powerful, productive, large and heavy models that are located in a separate place. The stand can be implemented either with classic legs (bed) or with a cabinet with a tool compartment. The stand can be equipped with various types of saw: circular saw, miter saw, band saw, cutting saw and even chain saw (with electric drive).

— Wheels for transportation. Transport wheels make it easy to move sawing equipment around the shop. The presence of wheels will come in handy when the saw needs to be moved a little to install some large workpieces or simply when cleaning the workshop. As a rule, wheels are typical for stationary saw with a table top or work holder.

Features of the battery saw package, regarding the presence of a battery in the kit or the design of the tool. For cordless tools in general, see "Power Source", and the options in this case may be as follows:

— Missing. The complete absence of batteries in the delivery set — they need to be looked for separately. This is associated with certain troubles, but it also provides important advantages. Firstly, the model and number of purchased batteries can be chosen at your discretion, depending on your needs and low-cost. Secondly, a suitable battery may already be “in the household” — especially when you consider that some manufacturers produce universal batteries suitable for different types of power tools of the same brand. Thanks to all this, this option is extremely popular — in fact, most cordless saws come without batteries.

— 1 battery. "Classic of the genre": one removable battery included. The main advantages of this configuration are low cost and at the same time the ability to use the saw “out of the box” without selecting power sources for it. At the same time, when the charge is exhausted, you will inevitably have to take breaks for charging — or still buy another battery. Thus, this option is relatively rare — sets with two batteries are more common.

— 2 batteries. The most popular option among saws supplied with batteries included. H...owever, it is worth noting that in this category there are two types of tools. The first, and most common, is saws for one battery. In such models, the second battery plays the role of a spare, its presence allows you to extend battery life and minimize interruptions for charging: while one battery is in use, the second can be charged. The second variety of saws in a similar configuration are models that initially operate on two batteries (see "Powered by two batteries") and are supplied with power supplies in the kit; this case is analogous to having one battery in a simpler tool (see above).

— 3 batteries. A very rare configuration option: in the presence of a charger for 2 batteries, it allows you to practically eliminate interruptions in charging, but it is expensive and rarely needed (and in cases where 3 batteries are really needed, the required number of batteries can be purchased separately).

— 4 batteries. A variant found among individual models powered immediately by 2 batteries. Essentially the same as 2 batteries for a tool powered by 1 battery; see above for details.

— Built-in. A battery built into the body of the saw and not designed to be removed and replaced by the user. This design somewhat reduces the overall dimensions of the tool, but does not allow you to quickly change a dead battery to a fresh one — the only option is charging, which can take quite a lot of time. In addition, if the battery fails, the tool will, at best, have to be carried to a service centre, at worst, replaced with a new one. Therefore, this option is used extremely rarely — in separate low-power tools that are not designed for high loads and long-term operation.

The name of the battery platform supported by the device. A single battery platform is used to combine various power tools of the same brand into one line (screwdriver, grinder, circular saw, etc.). Devices on the same platform use interchangeable batteries and chargers. Thanks to this, for example, there is no need to select a battery for each individual model of a power tool, because one purchased as a spare battery can be used in various power tools, depending on the situation or as needed. Batteries of the same platform basically differ from each other except perhaps in capacity.

The operating voltage of the battery in the saw with the appropriate type of power supply (see "Power supply"). The more powerful the tool, the higher the battery voltage, usually. At the same time, this parameter is usually selected in such a way as to optimally match the characteristics of a particular model; therefore, in fact, voltage data may be required only when looking for a spare or additional battery.

Note that most often in modern saws one of two standard voltages is used — 18 V or 36 V. Batteries less than 18 V are typical mainly for compact low-power models, and 40 V or more — for heavy units, mostly professional ones.

The type of battery installed in the battery-powered tool (see "Power Source").

— Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium). The most "old" option found in modern power tools. It is distinguished by high reliability, resistance to temperature extremes and good charging speed even with high capacity (which is important, given the "voracity" of the power tool). The main disadvantage of this type of batteries can be called a pronounced "memory effect" — a decrease in battery capacity if it is set for charging without being completely discharged. In addition, Ni-Cd cells are considered environmentally unsafe. Nevertheless, they are still widely used in tools — not least due to their low cost with decent performance.

— Ni-Mh (nickel-metal hydride). Such batteries were created as a development of the nickel-cadmium batteries described above. Retaining all the main advantages of their predecessors, they are at the same time devoid of most of the shortcomings — in particular, they are practically not subject to the memory effect. Of the own shortcomings of this option, it is worth mentioning a slightly lower durability and higher cost than the original Ni-Cd.

— Li-Ion (lithium-ion). A type of battery originally developed for use in portable devices; however, with the development of Li-Ion technology, it has also been used in power tools. The main advantage of such batteries in this case can be called a high capacity with small dimensions an...d weight. It is also worth noting that they are not subject to the memory effect and are able to charge quite quickly. On the other hand, this option is not without its drawbacks — this is, first of all, sensitivity to too low or elevated temperatures, as well as a high price.

The capacity of the battery supplied with the saw of the corresponding type (see "Power source").

Theoretically, the higher the capacity, the longer the tool can work without recharging / changing the battery. However, in fact, things are not so clear cut. Firstly, the actual battery life depends not only on the characteristics of the battery, but also on the power consumption of the tool (and it is directly determined by the power of the engine). Secondly, only batteries with the same nominal voltage can be compared in terms of capacity in ampere-hours; if the voltage is different, ampere-hours must be converted to watt-hours using special formulas and the results already obtained should be used. So it makes sense to compare by this parameter only saws with the same battery voltage and similar engine power. And to assess the actual battery life, it is better to pay attention to the indicated operating time and/or the number of cuts (see below for both).

Note that many models allow you to work with batteries of different capacities — it is enough that they are compatible in terms of connectors and operating voltage.

The model of a standard battery allows you to find out its characteristics in more detail, and also helps you understand what devices it is like and which one should be purchased in case of a replacement due to a malfunction or, if necessary, buy another similar one.

Battery models that the saw of the corresponding type is compatible with (see “Power source”). This information will be useful in cases where the battery(ies) must be purchased separately, for example, if the tool does not come with a battery at all, if you need to supplement the original package, or if the existing battery has failed.

Approximate time of continuous operation of the cordless saw (see "Power source") on one charge of the supplied battery. This parameter is indicated for a certain average mode of operation, so in practice the autonomy of the tool may differ from the specified one, and in both directions, depending on the intensity of the load. Nevertheless, the declared operating time quite accurately characterizes the real autonomy of the saw, it is quite possible to evaluate different models and compare them with each other.

We also recall that many models allow replacing a regular battery with a more capacious one if the initial autonomy is insufficient.

The time required to fully (from zero to 100%) charge the battery in the cordless saw (see "Power supply"); this refers to the complete battery and standard charger. The shorter this time, the shorter the breaks will have to be done for recharging; however, higher capacity batteries inevitably take longer to charge than smaller ones. This can be compensated by the use of fast charging technologies, but they, in turn, affect the cost of the tool.

The number of cuts that a cordless saw (see "Power source") can make on one full charge of the complete battery.

In this case, one cut is considered to be a complete sawing of a workpiece with certain characteristics - for example, a metal pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, a pine beam 100x100 mm, etc. These details are usually specified in the notes to this paragraph. In general, the number of cuts is a very clear indicator that allows you to easily assess how much work the battery will last.

This feature means that the saw requires two batteries at once. For more information on cordless saws in general, see "Power Source"; and a similar power format is used mainly in powerful equipment, for which one battery is no longer enough (including in stationary models, see "Type").

The presence of an indicator in the tool that displays the current battery level. The design and functionality of such an indicator may be different, often the simplest LED indicators are used, allowing only an approximate estimate of the remaining energy. Also note that the indicator may not be placed on the body of the tool, but on the battery itself. Nevertheless, this feature anyway provides additional convenience, makes it easier to monitor the state of the battery and reduces the risk of being left with a “dead” battery at the wrong time.

The battery mount type determines how the battery pack is secured to the power tool.

- Clip. The battery pack in the form of a clip is inserted into the body of the power tool, namely into the handle, from which the name actually comes. Note that this type of mount is suitable for batteries of small capacities, because it is often not possible to hide powerful capacitive elements in the handle body.

— Slider. The slider involves fixing the battery pack on the surface of the body of the power tool. This type of mount is represented by a slide on which the battery slides. The advantage of the slider is the ability to use more battery cells, which in turn increases the capacity. Of the shortcomings, it can only be noted that the increase in the dimensions of the power tool when the battery is connected.

The handle in the upper plane of the saw body for the convenience of carrying the tool and holding it when performing work. Also , the top handle helps guide the saw in the right direction during work.

The rotary handle allows you to work with the saw in various positions and hard-to-reach places. It is responsible for the convenience of gripping the tool. As a rule, the position of the rotary handle is adjusted by rotating around its axis.

The noise level produced by the saw during operation. Note that this parameter is rather approximate, because in fact, the “loudness of the work” depends not only on the tool, but also on the material being processed and the characteristics of the environment. Nevertheless, the data given in the characteristics make it possible to assess the comfort of working with the tool. The lower this indicator, the less discomfort the noise will cause, and at high values, even special hearing protection may be needed.

Note that the noise level is usually measured in decibels, and this unit is not linear: for example, a difference of 3 dB corresponds to a difference of 2 times, 10 dB — to 10 times. Therefore, it is easiest to evaluate the noise level using comparative tables. Here is a simplified version of such a table for the range in which modern saws operate:

70 dB — loud conversation of several people in close proximity;
75 dB — a cry in the immediate vicinity;
80 dB — truck engine, mechanical alarm ringing;
85 dB — loud scream;
90 dB — freight car at a distance of 7 – 10 m;
95 dB — subway car at a distance of 7 – 10 m;
100 dB — industrial shop;
110 dB — tractor engine;
120 dB — demolition hammer, thunder from a close lightning strike (pain threshold of auditory perception).

The volume of the fuel tank in saws with a petrol engine (see "Power source"). A volume tank, on the one hand, allows the device to work for a long time without refueling, on the other hand, it seriously affects the weight and dimensions. The latter is not critical for stationary units (see "Type"), but it is very important for portable equipment — and the vast majority of chainsaws and power cutters are made portable. And taking into account the fact that refueling usually does not cause any particular difficulties, it does not make sense to equip hand tools with capacious tanks, therefore this volume is small in such saws.

The volume of the oil tank provided in the tool.

In this case, we mean a tank from which oil is supplied to the saw chain (see "Device") to lubricate it during operation. In general, this is a reference parameter that allows you to estimate how much oil is needed for one refueling of the tool.

The folding table allows you to quickly and easily increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe working area of \u200b\u200bthe saw machine, which may be necessary when processing large-sized workpieces. Upon completion of the work, the structure can also be easily folded back. When folded, the saw equipment is convenient to store, it does not take up much space and will not interfere. Usually, a folding table is installed on a stand, that is, a frame. On the surface of the folding table, a linear measuring scale or a marking grid can be applied. In some cases, the table is equipped with grippers, hooks, or other types of workpiece holders.

The size of the desktop provided in the design of the tool.

The working table is called the plane on which the workpiece is placed; it is found exclusively in stationary saws (see "Type") — in particular, circular and combined (see "Device"). The larger the desktop, the more convenient it is to use a saw with large materials; on the other hand, this nuance directly affects the dimensions of the tool.

General dimensions of the saw. For a stationary tool (see "Type"), this parameter determines primarily the amount of space that will be required for installation; problems with this can only arise in very tight spaces, so in most cases the dimensions of a stationary saw do not need to be given special attention. In the case of hand-held models, the small size makes it easier to work in hard-to-reach places and improves overall usability. On the other hand, a compact tool inevitably turns out to be low-power; and some jobs by definition require large, heavy saws, with large bar lengths or blade diameters.

The total weight of the tool. For petrol models (see "Power Source"), usually, dry weight is indicated, excluding fuel.

In general, it makes sense to pay attention to this parameter primarily when choosing a hand tool. At the same time, note that higher power, a more capacious battery or a capacious tank will inevitably affect weight. However, tools with similar characteristics can and do differ markedly in weight. And here it is worth considering that a lighter model will be more comfortable to work with, but weight reduction may affect reliability and/or cost. In addition, a more massive tool is more stable, it is not so prone to jerks under uneven loads. If we talk about specific numbers, then a weight of 3 kg or less is considered very light, 3–5 kg is relatively small, 5–7 kg is medium, 7–10 kg is significant, and some powerful tools (mainly gasoline) weigh and over 10 kg.

As for stationary saws, weight is of secondary importance for them — it mainly affects the ease of transportation.